项目编号：mcuclub-jk-001
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总字数：14000+
基于51单片机的超声波测距系统
摘 要
随着社会经济发展的趋势，运输业日益繁荣，汽车车辆总数猛增。交通拥堵越来越严重，交通事故屡屡发生，造成不可避免的人身安全，人员伤亡和财产损失,本课题的研究基于51单片机的超声波传感器系统软件的设计方案，主要是利用超声波在空气中传播遇到障碍物后反射回来。超声信号接收器接收并计算其自发射发送到接受往返时间，然后测得距离。系统软件由超声波模块，单片机设计，LCD1602显示控制模块和温度补偿组成。根据单片机设计的综合解决，电路和程序模块的功能的实现。
本设计方案充分利用了单片机设计的特点，可以实现实时处理，具有一定的应用和实用价值。由于超声波传感器是一种非接触式且非破坏性的测试技术，不会受到光源，被测目标的颜色等的伤害，并且比其他仪器和设备更环保。更能抵抗极端自然环境，例如潮湿和寒冷，烟雾，高温，腐蚀蒸汽，维护成本低，无环境污染，可靠性强，寿命长等特点。因此，超声波测试的使用通常是快速，方便，易于测量，易于完成的实时处理，并且可以在测量精度水平上实现用于工业生产的易于使用的指标值，以便更好地实现搬运机器人自动避开障碍物并四处走动，必须配备激光测距系统软件，以便可以立即获取障碍物的位置信息（距离和方向）。这样，超声波传感器在搬运机器人的科学研究中具有长期的实际意义。此外，基于超声波传感器系统软件的诸多优点，它还被广泛用于车辆前向和转向防滑激光测距的研究和开发中。
关键词：单片机；超声波；测距 ；LCD1602
Ultrasonic ranging system based on 51 microcontroller
Abstract
With the trend of social and economic development, the transportation industry has become increasingly prosperous, and the total number of vehicles has increased dramatically. Traffic jams are becoming more and more serious, and traffic accidents occur frequently, causing inevitable personal safety, casualties and property losses. The research of this topic is based on the design scheme of the ultrasonic sensor system software of 51 single-chip microcomputer, which mainly uses ultrasonic wave to transmit in the air and reflect back when encountering obstacles. The ultrasonic signal receiver receives and calculates the round-trip time from transmitting to receiving, and then measures the distance. The system software consists of ultrasonic module, single chip microcomputer design, LCD1602 display control module and temperature compensation. According to the integrated solution of the single-chip design, the functions of the circuit and program modules are realized.
This design scheme makes full use of the characteristics of the single-chip microcomputer design, can achieve real-time processing, and has certain application and practical value. As the ultrasonic sensor is a non-contact and non-destructive testing technology, it will not be damaged by the light source, the color of the measured object, etc., and it is more environmentally friendly than other instruments and equipment. It is more resistant to extreme natural environment, such as damp and cold, smoke, high temperature, corrosive steam, low maintenance cost, no environmental pollution, strong reliability, long service life, etc. Therefore, the use of ultrasonic testing is usually fast, convenient, easy to measure, easy to complete real-time processing, and can achieve the easy to use index value for industrial production on the level of measurement accuracy, so as to better realize the automatic avoidance of obstacles and moving around of the handling robot. It must be equipped with laser ranging system software, so that the location information (distance and direction) of obstacles can be obtained immediately. In this way, ultrasonic sensors have long-term practical significance in the scientific research of handling robots. In addition, based on many advantages of the ultrasonic sensor system software, it is also widely used in the research and development of vehicle forward and steering anti-skid laser ranging.
Keywords：SCM; ultrasonic; Ranging; LCD1602
目录
摘 要
Abstract
1 绪言
2 超声波测距系统的原理和设计方案
3 系统硬件设计
4 系统程序设计
5 仿真调试
6 实物调试
总结
参考文献
致 谢
附录
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