牵引梁纵向压缩工况应变云图
参考论文
随着我国高速铁路技术的不断发展，动车组车体结构的安全性、轻量化和舒适性要求不断提高。卧铺动车组作为长途客运车辆，其车体不仅需要满足一般动车组的承载要求，还需要考虑卧铺设备、旅客载荷以及内部空间布置对车体结构的影响。本文以卧铺动车组车体结构为研究对象，采用三维建模与有限元分析相结合的方法，对车体主要结构进行设计与强度分析。本文首先分析了卧铺动车组车体的结构组成和设计要求，确定车体采用整体承载式薄壁箱形结构，主要由底架、侧墙、车顶、侧门、横梁、枕梁和牵引梁等部分组成。随后利用 SolidWorks 软件建立车体侧墙、车顶、底架梁系、侧门、卧铺及关键承载构件的三维模型，并完成车体整体虚拟装配。针对底架梁系结构，选取 6005A-T6 铝合金作为主要材料，对横梁进行了垂向均布载荷和局部集中载荷两种工况的简化强度计算，并采用 SolidWorks Simulation 对横梁、枕梁和牵引梁进行了有限元静力分析。结果表明，横梁在垂向均布载荷工况下最大应力为 79.17 MPa，局部集中载荷工况下等效应力为 76.52 MPa，均小于材料屈服强度 215 MPa。有限元分析结果显示，横梁纵向载荷传递工况最大等效应力为 28.07 MPa，横梁扭转载荷工况最大等效应力为 91.59 MPa，枕梁垂向支承工况最大等效应力为 169.4 MPa，牵引梁纵向压缩工况最大等效应力为 34.78 MPa，各工况下结构均未发生屈服破坏。研究结果表明，本文设计的卧铺动车组车体底架主要承载构件具有一定强度裕度，能够满足基本强度要求。
关键词：卧铺动车组；车体结构；三维建模；底架梁系；有限元分析
With the development of high-speed railway technology, the structural safety of sleeper EMU car bodies has become increasingly important. This paper takes the sleeper EMU car body as the research object and carries out 3D design and finite element analysis. Firstly, the main structure of the car body is analyzed, including the underframe, side wall, roof, side door, cross beam, bolster beam and traction beam. Then, SolidWorks is used to build the 3D models of the main parts and complete the virtual assembly. The material of the main underframe beams is 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy. The cross beam is checked by simple strength calculation under vertical uniformly distributed load and local concentrated load. SolidWorks Simulation is also used to analyze the cross beam, bolster beam and traction beam under typical working conditions. The results show that the maximum stresses of all analyzed parts are lower than the yield strength of 215 MPa. The maximum stress of the cross beam is 91.59 MPa under torsional load, the maximum stress of the bolster beam is 169.4 MPa under vertical support load, and the maximum stress of the traction beam is 34.78 MPa under longitudinal compression load. The results show that the main underframe structures meet the basic strength requirements.
KEY WORDS：sleeper EMU; car body structure; 3D modeling; finite element analysis;
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