设计说明书
总字数：13000+
2001年以来，为了集中优势办学资源，不断提高教育的质量和水平，我国政府开始下大气力推进教育资源整合。随即，全国中小学布局出现较大调整，特别在农村地区，这种撤点并校现象更加明显。然而，不断发生的校车事故，造成的重大人员伤亡和财产损失，引起了政府和全社会的极大关注，牵动着万千民众的心。
基于此，本文提出了解决校车安全问题设计一款校车免超载系统，该系统对当前校车内的人数进行实时检测，检测到校车内人数在设置的范围之内，驾驶人员可以启动车辆，通过避障管检测当前是否有人，检测到有人，进行用户体温的检测，检测到体温不在设置的范围之内进行声光报警提醒，校车行驶到到站台进行语音播报提醒，且可以通过指示灯指示当前车辆运行的方向。设计出一种超载限乘检测系统，该设计是通过对上下车人数进行统计，来了解校车的载客人数。然后在单片机中判断校车是否超载，车内人员一旦超载，系统将产生报警信号，并发出信号给锁定单元使之终止发动机的运行，极大的保障了学生们的安全。
关键词：校车；超载限乘；自锁；非接触测温；语音播报
Since 2001, in order to concentrate the superior school resources and continuously improve the quality and level of education, the Chinese government has begun to make great efforts to promote the integration of educational resources. Immediately, the layout of primary and secondary schools in the country has been greatly adjusted, especially in rural areas, this phenomenon is more obvious. However, the continuous occurrence of school bus accidents, resulting in heavy casualties and property losses, has aroused the great concern of the government and the whole society, affecting the hearts of thousands of people.
Based on this, this paper proposes to design a school bus overload free system to solve the safety problem of school buses. The system conducts real-time detection of the number of people in the current school bus, detects that the number of people in the school bus is within the set range, and the driver can start the vehicle, detect whether anyone is present through the obstacle avoidance tube, detect someone, and detect the user’s body temperature. When the temperature is detected that is not within the set range, the audible and visual alarm will remind the school bus when it travels to the platform, and the direction of the current vehicle can be indicated by the indicator light. An overload limit detection system is designed. The design is to know the number of passengers by counting the number of people on and off the bus. Then determine whether the school bus is overloaded in the single chip computer, once the car is overloaded, the system will generate an alarm signal, and send a signal to the locking unit to terminate the operation of the engine, which greatly ensures the safety of the students.
Keywords: school bus; Overload limit; Self-locking; Non-contact temperature measurement; Voice broadcast
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
第1章 绪论
1.1 选题背景及实际意义
1.2 国内外发展历程
1.3 本论文研究目标
第2章 系统设计方案
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 显示模块方案选择
2.2 整体设计方案
第3章 硬件设计
3.1 主控模块电路
3.2 红外避障模块电路
3.3 非接触测温模块模块
3.4 红外对射管模块电路
3.5 语音输出模块模块
3.6 声光报警模块电路
3.7 直流电机驱动模块电路
3.8 独立按键模块电路
3.9 指示灯模块电路
3.10 LCD12864显示电路模块
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
第5章 实物制作与调试过程
5.1 实物总体设计
5.2 人数检测实物测试
5.3 体温检测实物测试
5.4 运行方向实物测试
第6章 结论
参 考 文 献
致谢
附录
附录A: 原理图
附录B：PCB
附录C：主程序
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