设计说明书
总字数:15000+
本论文设计了一种基于单片机(STC89C52)的冷库自动门控制系统。该系统通过多种传感器和控制器实现对冷库门的智能化控制和监测。首先,采用人体热释电感应模块感知冷库区域是否有人,当有人时,系统自动打开门(通过步进电机模拟门的开关),没有人时自动关闭门,确保冷库的安全性和能效。其次,通过DS18B20温度传感器检测冷库中的温度值,当温度超过预设的最大值时,系统将触发声光报警,提醒人员采取相应措施。此外,通过一对红外计数管监测冷库中的人数,当人数不为0时,系统自动打开冷库中的照明灯,提供足够的照明,当人数为0时,自动关闭照明灯,节省能源。同时,通过MQ-135气体传感器检测冷库中的有害气体浓度,当浓度超过设定的最大值时,系统将触发声光报警,确保工作环境的安全性。最后,通过按键设置温度上限值、有害气体浓度最大值,并提供手动控制开关门的功能。通过LCD1602液晶显示屏实时显示测量数据,使用户能够方便地了解冷库环境状况。本设计的冷库自动门控制系统具有自动化、智能化和实用性的特点,能够提高冷库的工作效率和安全性,减少能源浪费。
关键词:单片机控制;冷库门控制;人体热释电感应;温度监测;有害气体检测;LCD显示屏
This paper presents a design of a cold storage automatic door control system based on a microcontroller (STC89C52). The system utilizes various sensors and controllers to achieve intelligent control and monitoring of the cold storage door. Firstly, a human body pyroelectric infrared sensor module is used to detect the presence of individuals in the cold storage area. When a person is detected, the system automatically opens the door (simulated by a stepper motor), and closes it when no one is present, ensuring the safety and energy efficiency of the cold storage. Secondly, the DS18B20 temperature sensor is employed to monitor the temperature inside the cold storage. When the temperature exceeds the preset maximum value, the system triggers a sound and light alarm to alert personnel to take necessary actions. Additionally, a pair of infrared counting tubes is used to monitor the number of people inside the cold storage. When the count is not zero, the system automatically turns on the lighting system to provide sufficient illumination. Conversely, when the count is zero, the lighting system is automatically turned off to conserve energy. Furthermore, the MQ-135 gas sensor is utilized to detect the concentration of harmful gases in the cold storage. If the concentration exceeds the set maximum value, the system activates an alarm to ensure a safe working environment. The system also incorporates user-defined settings for temperature limits and maximum gas concentration, as well as manual control for door opening and closing. Real-time measurement data is displayed on the LCD1602 screen, enabling users to conveniently monitor the cold storage environment. The designed cold storage automatic door control system features automation, intelligence, and practicality, enhancing operational efficiency, safety, and energy conservation in cold storage facilities.
Keywords:Microcontroller control; Cold storage door control; Human body pyroelectric infrared sensing; Temperature monitoring; Harmful gas detection; LCD display.
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 论文的主要内容
第二章 系统总体设计方案
2.1系统总体设计
2.2主要模块方案选择
2.2.1 主控模块方案选择
2.2.2 温度检测模块方案选择
2.2.3 显示模块方案选择
第三章 硬件设计
3.1 主控模块电路设计
3.2 人体热释电检测模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 红外对射管检测模块电路设计
3.5 有害气体检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 步进电机模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
第四章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 A/D模数转换模块子流程设计
4.5 步进电机模块子流程设计
4.6 显示模块子流程设计
第五章 实物制作与调试过程
5.1 电路焊接总图
5.2 人体检测实物测试
5.3 温度检测实物测试
5.4 红外对射管计数实物测试
5.5 有害气体检测实物测试
第六章 结论
参考文献
附录A:原理图
附录B:PCB
附录C:主程序
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