设计说明书
总字数：16000+
研究旨在设计一款智能头盔，以提升不同场景下的安全性。该头盔基于STM32F103C8T6单片机，并集成了多种传感器和显示模块，具备以下功能：光敏电阻：头盔利用光敏电阻感知环境光照强度。当光照值低于预设的最小阈值时，头盔将自动打开照明灯，提高佩戴者的可见性。MPU6050：头盔使用MPU6050传感器检测车辆的左转、右转和刹车动作。当检测到这些动作时，头盔上的指示灯会发出相应的提示，提醒佩戴者注意安全。红外测温模块：头盔集成了红外测温模块，用于监测佩戴者的体温。当体温超过预设的最大阈值时，头盔会触发蜂鸣器报警，提醒佩戴者采取必要的预防措施。心率检测模块：头盔采用心率检测模块监测佩戴者的心率。当心率超过预设的最大阈值时，头盔将触发蜂鸣器报警，提醒佩戴者可能存在的健康风险。按键设置：头盔配备了按键，佩戴者可以通过按键设置各种阈值和参数，根据个人需求进行调整。OLED显示：头盔采用OLED显示屏展示实时测量数据，直观地向佩戴者呈现环境参数和生理指标。该智能头盔设计整合了多种传感器和显示技术，提升了安全性并能够及时发出警报。该系统的研究和应用具有重要的实际意义，预计将在不同领域得到广泛应用。
关键词：智能头盔；单片机；传感器；蜂鸣器报警；OLED显示
The aim of this research is to design an intelligent helmet to enhance safety in various scenarios. The helmet is based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and integrates multiple sensors and display modules, offering the following features:Light-dependent resistor: The helmet utilizes a light-dependent resistor to sense the ambient light intensity. When the light level falls below a predefined minimum threshold, the helmet automatically activates the illumination lights, thereby improving the wearer’s visibility.MPU6050: The helmet incorporates an MPU6050 sensor to detect vehicle movements such as left turns, right turns, and braking. Upon detecting these actions, corresponding indicator lights on the helmet provide visual prompts to alert the wearer to exercise caution.Infrared temperature sensor: The helmet integrates an infrared temperature sensor module to monitor the wearer’s body temperature. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum threshold, the helmet triggers a buzzer alarm, prompting the wearer to take necessary preventive measures.Heart rate monitoring module: The helmet incorporates a heart rate monitoring module to track the wearer’s heart rate. When the heart rate exceeds a predefined maximum threshold, the helmet activates the buzzer alarm, notifying the wearer of potential health risks.Button configuration: The helmet is equipped with buttons that allow the wearer to set various thresholds and parameters according to personal preferences and requirements.OLED display: The helmet features an OLED display screen to present real-time measurement data, providing the wearer with visual feedback on environmental parameters and physiological indicators.By integrating multiple sensors and display technologies, this intelligent helmet enhances safety and promptly issues alerts. The research and application of this system hold significant practical significance, and it is expected to find extensive applications in various domains.
Key words: intelligent helmet； microcontroller； sensors, buzzer alarm；OLED display
目 次
摘 要
Abstract
1 引言
1.1 课题研究的意义和背景
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 此次设计研究目的
2 整体硬件的设计与实现
2.1 系统整体结构
2.2 方案论证与比较
2.2.1 主控芯片选择
2.2.2 测温模块方案
2.2.3 方向检测模块方案
2.2.4 光照模块方案
2.2.5 心率检测模块方案
2.2.6 显示模块方案
3 具体硬件设计
3.1 STM32F103C8T6主控模块电路
3.2 非接触测温检测电路设计
3.3 MPU6050模块检测电路
3.4 光照强度检测电路设计
3.5 心率检测模块电路
3.6 指示灯电路模块
3.7 显示电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 独立按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
5实物制作过程
5.1 PCB板的制作流程
5.2 调试过程
5.2.1硬件调试
5.2.2软件调试
5.3实物功能测试
5.3.1 体温检测实物测试
5.3.2 心率检测实物测试
5.3.3 光照强度检测实物测试
5.3.4 车辆运行方向检测实物测试
6 总结与展望
致 谢
参考文献
附录1 ：硬件原理图
附录2：硬件PCB图
附录3：部分源程序
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