设计说明书
总字数：16000+
本论文设计了一款基于单片机的浇水系统，采用STC89C52单片机作为主控芯片，并集成了多个传感器和模块，实现了土壤温度监测、降温加热、土壤湿度监测、水泵浇水、光照检测、补光和遮光、定时翻土等功能。用户可以通过按键设置各个阈值和定时时间，并通过显示屏实时显示测量值。系统通过防水式DS18B20传感器测量土壤温度，根据设定的最大值和最小值控制风扇和防水加热，以保持适宜的温度。土壤湿度传感器监测湿度值，当湿度低于最小值时，自动启动水泵进行浇水，直到湿度大于最大值。光敏电阻检测光照值，根据设定的最小值和最大值进行补光或遮光，以提供适宜的光照条件。定时翻土功能使用四相步进电机模拟，通过按键设置定时时间来控制翻土操作。用户可以通过按键进行各项阈值的设置，包括温度、湿度和光照的最大值和最小值，以适应不同的植物需求。显示屏可以实时显示测量值，方便用户监控系统状态。本设计充分利用了单片机的控制能力和各种传感器模块，为用户提供了智能化的浇水系统。通过自动监测和控制，可以实现植物生长环境的精确调控，提高浇水效率和生长质量。用户可以根据不同的植物需求和个人喜好进行定制设置，增加了系统的灵活性和适应性。
关键字：浇水系统；STC89C52；温湿度；光照强度；测控
This paper presents the design of a microcontroller-based watering system. The system utilizes the STC89C52 microcontroller as the main control chip and integrates multiple sensors and modules to achieve functions such as soil temperature monitoring, temperature control (cooling and heating), soil moisture detection, water pump irrigation, light intensity sensing, supplementary lighting, shading, and timed soil turning. Users can set various threshold values and timers through buttons, and the measured values are displayed in real-time on a screen.The system employs a waterproof DS18B20 sensor to measure soil temperature and uses the set maximum and minimum values to control the operation of fans and heating elements, ensuring optimal temperature conditions. The soil moisture sensor monitors the humidity level, and when it falls below the minimum threshold, the water pump is automatically activated for irrigation until the humidity reaches the maximum threshold. The light-dependent resistor detects the light intensity, and based on the set minimum and maximum values, the system automatically provides supplementary lighting or shading to create suitable lighting conditions. The timed soil turning function is simulated using a four-phase stepper motor, and users can set the timing interval through buttons to control the soil turning operation.The system allows users to customize various threshold values for temperature, humidity, and light intensity to meet the specific needs of different plants. The real-time display screen provides convenient monitoring of the system status. By utilizing the control capabilities of the microcontroller and integrating multiple sensors, the design offers an intelligent watering system that enables precise control of the plant growth environment. The system improves watering efficiency and growth quality through automated monitoring and control. Users can tailor the system settings according to different plant requirements and personal preferences, enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the system.
Keywords: watering system; STC89C52; temperature and humidity; light intensity; measurement and control
目录
摘 要
Abstract
第1章 引 言
1.1 选题背景及实际意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 本论文研究目标
第2章 系统设计方案
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度监测模块方案选择
2.1.3 显示模块方案选择
2.2 整体设计方案
第3章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度监测模块电路
3.3 土壤湿度监测模块电路
3.4 光照强度监测模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 按键模块电路
3.7 步进电机模块电路
3.8 舵机模块电路
3.9 继电器模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.5时钟模块子流程
第5章 仿真测试
5.1 整体仿真测试图
5.2 湿度监测实物测试
5.3 温度监测实物测试
5.4 光照强度监测仿真测试
第6章 实物测试
6.1 整体实物测试图
6.2 湿度监测实物测试
6.3 温度监测实物测试
6.4 光照强度监测实物测试
总结与展望
参考文献
致 谢
附录一: 原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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