设计说明书
总字数：12000+
本论文设计了一种基于单片机的家居环境监测系统，利用STC89C52单片机作为核心控制器。该系统通过多种传感器进行环境监测，实现对家居安全的监护和警报功能。主要功能包括门禁监测、围墙入侵监测、可燃气体检测和烟雾检测等。首先，通过连接震动传感器检测门是否被撬动，当传感器检测到门被撬动时，系统会触发声光报警装置，及时提醒用户门口的异常情况。其次，系统利用分离式红外对射管来检测围墙是否有人翻越。一旦传感器检测到有人翻越围墙，系统将立即发出声光报警信号，有效防止潜在的入侵行为。此外，系统还采用MQ-5传感器来检测可燃气体浓度。当可燃气体浓度超过预设的最大值时，系统将启动声光报警器，以提醒用户可能存在的火灾风险，并采取相应的应急措施。另外，系统还应用MQ-2传感器进行烟雾检测。当检测到室内烟雾浓度超过设定的最大值时，系统将发出声光报警信号，帮助用户及时采取措施以防止火灾的发生。此外，系统还提供按键设置各种监测阈值的功能，用户可以根据实际需要设置不同的阈值，以适应不同环境条件下的监测需求。最后，系统还配备了LCD1602液晶显示屏，用于显示各项测量值，方便用户实时了解环境监测数据。通过该设计，可以实现家居环境的实时监测和报警功能，有效提高家居安全性。本论文通过实物和仿真实验验证了系统的可行性和稳定性，为家居环境监测系统的进一步研究和应用提供了参考和借鉴
关键词：单片机；家居环境监测 ；STC89C52；传感器；声光报警；LCD1602
This paper presents the design of a home environment monitoring system based on a microcontroller, using the STC89C52 microcontroller as the core controller. The system utilizes multiple sensors for environmental monitoring to ensure home security and provide alarm functionality. The main features include door access monitoring, wall intrusion detection, combustible gas detection, and smoke detection.Firstly, a vibration sensor is connected to detect any tampering with the doors. When the sensor detects any unauthorized activity, the system triggers an audio-visual alarm to promptly alert the user of the abnormal situation at the entrance.Secondly, a separated infrared barrier is employed to detect any attempt to scale the walls. Once the sensor detects any intrusion, the system immediately issues an audio-visual alarm signal, effectively preventing potential trespassing.In addition, the system utilizes an MQ-5 sensor to monitor the concentration of combustible gases. If the gas concentration exceeds the pre-set maximum value, the system activates an audio-visual alarm to alert the user of potential fire hazards and take appropriate emergency measures.Furthermore, an MQ-2 sensor is employed to detect smoke. When the indoor smoke concentration exceeds the set maximum value, the system emits an audio-visual alarm signal, assisting the user in taking timely measures to prevent fire incidents.Moreover, the system provides the functionality to set various monitoring thresholds through buttons. Users can customize different thresholds according to their specific needs to adapt to different environmental conditions for monitoring.Lastly, the system is equipped with an LCD1602 display screen to present the measured values, allowing users to have real-time access to environmental monitoring data.Through this design, real-time monitoring and alarm functionality for home environments can be achieved, effectively enhancing home security. The feasibility and stability of the system are verified through physical and simulation experiments in this paper, providing a reference for further research and application of home environment monitoring systems.
Keywords: microcontroller, home environment monitoring, STC89C52, sensors, audio-visual alarm, LCD1602..
目 录
摘要
Abstract
第1章绪论
1.1研究背景及意义
1.2国内外研究现状
1.3论文的主要内容
第2章 系统总体设计方案
2.1系统总体设计
2.2主要模块方案选择
2.2.1主控模块方案选择
2.2.2烟雾监测模块方案选择
2.2.3 天然气监测模块方案选择
第3章硬件设计
3.1主控模块电路设计
3.2 烟雾监测模块电路设计
3.3 天然气监测模块电路设计
3.4 震动监测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 独立按键模块电路设计
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
第5章 仿真测试
5.1 整体仿真焊接图
5.2震动监测仿真测试
5.3 分离式监测仿真测试
5.4 可燃气体检测仿真测试
5.5 烟雾检测仿真测试
第6章 实物测试
6.1 整体实物焊接图
6.2震动监测实物测试
6.3 分离式监测实物测试
6.4 可燃气体检测实物测试
6.5 烟雾检测实物测试
第7章 总结展望
参考文献
附录
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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