设计说明书
总字数：18000+
此次设计一款基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的环境监测实物项目。该项目旨在实现多参数环境监测和远程控制功能，以提供对特定环境条件的监测和调控能力。主要功能包括温湿度检测、氨气浓度检测、氧气浓度检测以及相应的声光报警和自动控制措施。系统使用DHT11插针式传感器实时监测环境温湿度，并根据预设范围触发声光报警，同时通过继电器控制加热制冷、加湿除湿等设备以调节环境。MQ-135氨气传感器用于检测氨气浓度，当浓度超过设定最大值时，系统会自动启动风扇通风。而JXM-O2传感器用于检测氧气浓度，当浓度低于设定最小值时，系统会报警并启动氧气阀门以确保环境安全。系统还设计了运行时间自动切换功能，根据预设方案，在温度35℃湿度50%的环境下工作10小时，然后自动切换到温度30℃湿度60%的工作模式，并继续工作5小时，最后切换到温度25℃湿度60%的工作模式并运行10小时。在所有运行模式结束后，系统会自动停止，并通过远程通信发送提醒消息。为了方便用户设定各项参数，系统配备了按键，用户可以通过按键设置各项阈值。同时，系统使用OLED显示屏展示实时测量数据和剩余工作时间，提供直观的信息反馈。最后，系统通过蓝牙和WIFI技术将测量数据发送到手机端，用户可以通过手机远程控制各继电器的工作状态和切换运行模式，从而实现更加灵活和便捷的监测和控制。该环境监测实物项目在提供高效环境监测和远程控制功能方面具有重要的应用价值，可以广泛应用于各类环境监测和调控场景。
关键词：单片机；环境监测；传感器；远程控制；报警系统
This project aims to develop a real-world environmental monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main objective is to enable the monitoring and remote control of various environmental parameters to provide the ability to monitor and regulate specific environmental conditions. The primary functionalities include temperature and humidity monitoring, ammonia concentration detection, oxygen concentration detection, as well as corresponding sound and light alarms and automatic control measures.The system utilizes the DHT11 plug-in sensor to continuously monitor the environment’s temperature and humidity in real-time. When the readings fall within preset ranges, the system triggers sound and light alarms. Additionally, the system employs a relay to control heating, cooling, humidification, and dehumidification devices to regulate the environment. The MQ-135 ammonia gas sensor is used to detect ammonia concentration. If the concentration exceeds the set maximum value, the system will automatically activate the fan for ventilation. Furthermore, the JXM-O2 sensor is employed to measure oxygen concentration. If the concentration drops below the preset minimum value, the system will sound an alarm and activate the oxygen valve to ensure environmental safety.The system is also designed with an automatic switching feature based on a preset schedule. It operates at 35°C and 50% humidity for 10 hours, then switches to 30°C and 60% humidity for another 5 hours, and finally, changes to 25°C and 60% humidity for a final 10-hour period. After all operational modes are completed, the system automatically stops and sends a reminder message through remote communication.For user convenience in setting various parameters, the system is equipped with buttons for user interaction. Users can adjust threshold values using these buttons. The real-time measurement data and remaining operational time are displayed on an OLED screen, providing intuitive feedback.Finally, the system communicates the measured data to a mobile phone through Bluetooth and WIFI technologies. Users can remotely control the status of each relay and switch operational modes via their smartphones, enabling more flexible and convenient monitoring and control.This real-world environmental monitoring project holds significant application value in providing efficient environmental monitoring and remote control capabilities. It can be widely used in various environmental monitoring and regulation scenarios.
Keywords: Microcontroller, Environmental Monitoring, Sensors, Remote Control, Alarm System.
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
1 绪论
1.1 选题背景及实际意义
1.2 国内外发展历程
1.3 课题研究的主要内容
2 系统设计方案
2.1整体方案设计
2.2 主要元器件选择
2.2.1 主控芯片的选择
2.2.2 温湿度体传感器的选择
2.2.3 氨气传感器模块的选择
2.2.4 O2传感器的选择
3 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路设计
3.2 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.3 氨气检测模块电路设计
3.4 氧气监测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 继电器模块电路设计
3.7 蓝牙模块电路设计
3.8 物联网模块电路设计
3.9 独立按键模块电路设计
3.10 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与调试过程
5.1 环境温度检测测实物测试
5.2 环境湿度检测实物测试
5.3 环境氨气检测实物测试
5.4 环境氧气检测实物测试
总结与展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一: 原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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