设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，城市垃圾处理成为一个日益重要的问题。传统的垃圾桶管理方式往往存在一些问题，如垃圾桶过度填满导致的环境脏乱差、垃圾溢出，以及火灾风险等。因此，开发一种智能垃圾桶系统以提高垃圾桶的管理效率和安全性变得至关重要。本论文介绍了一种基于NB-IoT网络的智能垃圾桶设计，以提高垃圾桶的管理和使用效率。该系统的核心是STM32F103C8T6单片机，具备以下主要功能：人体检测与自动开盖： 利用红外避障管监测垃圾桶前是否有人，如果有人并且垃圾桶剩余量不为0，则通过舵机自动打开垃圾桶盖，否则不打开盖子并触发蜂鸣器报警3秒，提醒用户不要丢垃圾。水位检测： 使用水位传感器检测垃圾桶内的水位值，以防止液体废物溢出。垃圾量测定： 利用超声波传感器测量垃圾桶的剩余量，将其显示为百分比（0-100%）以供用户参考。火灾检测与灭火： 通过MQ-2传感器检测是否发生火灾。如果火灾爆发，系统将触发蜂鸣器报警并自动启动喷水灭火系统，以减少火灾的危害。位置定位： 利用GPS模块获取垃圾桶的精确位置信息，以便进行定位和管理。数据显示： 使用OLED显示屏，将垃圾桶的各项数据（如剩余量、水位、火灾状态等）以直观的方式呈现给用户。远程数据传输： 利用NB模块，将垃圾桶的数据传送到手机端，使用户能够随时监测垃圾桶状态。此外，系统还可以将火灾发生的提示信息发送到手机端，以及提供及时的警告和通知。这一智能垃圾桶系统整合了多种传感器、定位技术和通信模块，具备高度自动化和智能化的特点，可提高垃圾桶的管理效率、环境安全性，减少垃圾处理的不便。这一设计有望为城市智能化管理和环境保护做出重要贡献。
关键词：NB-IoT网络；智能垃圾桶；火灾检测；环境监测；远程数据传输
Abstract
Fish Tank is a common aquatic facility used to raise aquatic creatures such as fish. However, to ensure the health and survival of the fish, the environmental parameters of the fish tank need to be strictly monitored and controlled, including water temperature, water quality, and oxygen content. Traditional fish tank management methods often require manual intervention and lack intelligent and automated features, which can lead to unstable environmental parameters and fish adaptation issues. In addition, for fish keepers who are away from home for extended periods, monitoring and managing the fish tank can become more complicated. This study aims to design and research an intelligent fish tank system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, aiming to provide comprehensive monitoring and intelligent control of the fish tank environment. The system includes several key functions such as solar charging, temperature control, water quality monitoring, oxygenation, and user interface. Firstly, the system charges the lithium battery through the solar panel, which then powers the entire mainboard, demonstrating the application of green energy. Secondly, the system uses a waterproof DS18B20 sensor to monitor the water temperature of the fish tank. When the water temperature exceeds the set maximum value, the system triggers the cooling device until the temperature drops below the minimum value. This function helps maintain the appropriate water temperature conditions, ensuring the health and survival of the fish. Additionally, the system uses a pH detection module to monitor the pH value of the fish tank water to ensure water quality stability. The system also integrates an oxygenation module, allowing users to increase the oxygen content in the water with a single press, improving the living environment for the fish. The system provides a user-friendly interface, allowing users to set the maximum temperature with the press of a button, and an OLED display screen that shows real-time parameters such as water temperature and pH value. This enables users to monitor the fish tank environment at any time and make adjustments as needed. In summary, the intelligent fish tank system designed in this study incorporates various advanced technologies, including solar charging, temperature control, water quality monitoring, oxygenation, and user interface. This system is expected to provide a more convenient and intelligent solution in the field of fish farming, while reducing dependence on traditional energy sources and offering potential for environmental sustainability. Future research can further expand the system’s functionality and applicability to meet broader needs.
Keywords: Intelligent fish tank; STM32F103C8T6; solar charging; temperature control; water quality monitoring; oxygenation.
目 录
基于NB-IoT网络的智能垃圾桶设计
摘 要
Abstract
1.绪论
1.1 研究背景及其研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 研究目标
2.系统方案设计
2.1 整体方案设计
2.2 主要器件选型选择
2.2.1 主控芯片方案选择
2.2.2 人体监测模块方案选择
2.2.3 烟雾检测模块方案选择
2.2.4 显示模块方案选择
2.2.5 无线传输模块方案选择
3 硬件电路设计
3.1 单片机最小系统
3.2 红外避障模块电路
3.3 水位检测模块电路
3.4 超声波模块电路
3.5 烟雾检测模块电路
3.6 GPS定位模块电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 继电器模块电路
3.9 NB模块电路
3.10 蜂鸣器报警模块电路
3.11 舵机模块电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示流程设计
4.4 超声波检测模块子流程
4.5 舵机模块子流通
5 实物调试
5.1 实物总体设计
5.2 扔垃圾自动测控实物测试
5.3 垃圾桶火灾检测实物测速
5.4 NB远程测控实物测试
总结与展望
参考文献
致谢
附录
附录A：原理图
附录B：PCB
附录C：主程序
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