设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘 要
人体反应时间是指个体对外界刺激产生反应所需的时间间隔，通常以毫秒为单位衡量。反应时间的测量和评估在各个领域都具有广泛的应用价值。在体育、运动训练中，了解运动员的反应时间可以帮助教练员优化训练计划，提高运动员的竞技表现。在医疗领域，反应时间测试可以用于评估患者的认知功能和神经系统状况，有助于早期诊断和治疗。此外，反应时间测试还可以用于评估驾驶员的注意力水平，以提高交通安全。传统的反应时间测试通常依赖于昂贵的设备或复杂的实验室设置，这限制了测试的普及和可行性。因此，开发一种基于单片机的便携式人体反应测试器，具有简单易用、成本低廉的特点，对于广泛的用户群体都具有吸引力此次设计一种基于STC12C5A60S2单片机的人体反应测试器的设计。该测试器旨在测量测试者的反应时间，以评估其反应速度和注意力水平。以下是具体功能和特点的概述：功能：反应时间测试： 测试器通过三个按键（复位键、功能键、测试键）进行操作。首先，用户按下复位键，显示北京时间。然后，通过按下功能键，启动随机数倒计时。当倒计时结束时，LED亮起，蜂鸣器响起，测试者必须尽快按下测试键。测试器将记录测试者按下测试键的时间，即反应时间。反应时间显示： 反应时间将显示在LCD显示屏上，以便用户查看。此外，为了更直观地表示反应速度，系统还使用不同颜色的LED灯来表示不同的速度等级：红色表示警告，黄色表示合格，绿色表示优秀。同时，系统通过语音播报来提供相应的反应速度评级。数据传输： 反应时间数据可以通过蓝牙模块传输到手机App端，以便储存和进一步分析。错误处理： 为了考虑到有些测试者在声光信号触发之前就按下测试键的情况，系统会将此类情况判定为ERROR，并在LCD上显示错误信息。倒计时时间到达后，系统仍会显示反应时间，但仍然会在旁边显示”ERROR”字符。该设计还考虑到用户可能会在触发前按下测试键的情况，因此提供了错误处理机制，增强了测试的准确性。综上所述，人体反应测试器的设计在测量和评估反应时间方面具有广泛的应用前景，可以在不同领域中提供有价值的信息。未来的研究可以进一步改进系统的性能和功能，以满足不同用户的需求。
关键词：人体反应测试器；反应时间测量；蓝牙数据传输；语音提示功能
Abstract
Human reaction time refers to the time interval it takes for an individual to react to external stimuli, typically measured in milliseconds. The measurement and assessment of reaction time have wide-ranging applications in various fields. In sports and athletic training, understanding an athlete’s reaction time can assist coaches in optimizing training programs and improving athletic performance. In the medical field, reaction time tests can be used to evaluate a patient’s cognitive function and neurological condition, aiding in early diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, reaction time tests can also be employed to assess the attention levels of drivers, thereby enhancing traffic safety.Traditional methods of measuring reaction time often rely on expensive equipment or complex laboratory setups, limiting the accessibility and feasibility of such tests. Therefore, the development of a portable, single-chip microcontroller-based human reaction time tester that is simple to use and cost-effective appeals to a broad user base.This study presents the design of a human reaction time tester based on the STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller. The tester is designed to measure the reaction time of individuals, thereby assessing their reaction speed and attention levels. The following are an overview of its specific functions and features:Functionality:Reaction Time Testing: The tester is operated using three buttons (reset button, function button, test button). Initially, the user presses the reset button to display the current time in Beijing. Subsequently, by pressing the function button, a random countdown timer is initiated. When the countdown timer expires, an LED illuminates, and a buzzer sounds. The test subject must press the test button as quickly as possible. The tester records the time at which the test button is pressed, which represents the reaction time.Display of Reaction Time: The reaction time is displayed on an LCD screen for the user’s convenience. Additionally, to provide a more intuitive representation of reaction speed, the system employs LEDs of different colors to signify various speed levels: red for a warning, yellow for passing, and green for excellence. Furthermore, the system offers corresponding voice prompts to indicate the reaction speed rating.Data Transmission: Reaction time data can be transmitted to a mobile app via a Bluetooth module for storage and further analysis.Error Handling: To account for instances where some test subjects press the test button before the audio-visual signal triggers, the system categorizes such cases as “ERROR” and displays error messages on the LCD. However, when the countdown timer expires, the system still displays the reaction time but includes the “ERROR” label next to it. The design also accommodates the possibility of users pressing the test button before the trigger, thus enhancing test accuracy.In summary, the design of the human reaction time tester holds significant promise in measuring and assessing reaction times across various applications and fields. It can provide valuable insights in sports, healthcare, and traffic safety. Future research may focus on enhancing the system’s performance and features to cater to diverse user needs.
Keywords: human reaction time tester; reaction time measurement; Bluetooth data transmission; voice prompt feature
目 录
基于单片机的人体反应测试器设计
摘 要
Abstract
1.绪论
1.1 研究背景及其研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 研究目标
2.1 整体方案设计
2.2 主要器件选型选择
2.2.1 主控芯片方案选择
2.2.2 时钟模块方案选择
2.2.3 显示模块方案选择
2.2.4 无线传输模块方案选择
3 硬件电路设计
3.1 单片机最小系统
3.2 时钟模块电路
3.3 显示检测模块电路
3.4 声光报警模块电路
3.5 语音输出模块电路
3.6 指示灯模块电路
3.7 独立按键模块电路
3.8 蓝牙模块电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 舵机模块子流通
4.7 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.8 蓝牙模块子流程
5 仿真调试
5.1 仿真总体设计
5.2 断电保存仿真测试
5.2 反应测试仿真测试
5.3 蓝牙传输仿真测速
6 实物调试
6.1 实物总体设计
6.2 断电保存实物测试
6.2 反应测试实物测试
6.3 蓝牙传输实物测速
总结与展望
参考文献
致谢
附录
附录A：原理图
附录B：PCB
附录C：主程序
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