设计说明书
总字数：15000+
本毕业论文基于单片机(STC89C52)设计与实现了智能电梯控制系统。该系统旨在模拟电梯的内部和外部操作，通过各种传感器和执行器实现电梯的运行和楼层选择功能。系统包含电梯内部控制模块和电梯外部控制模块。电梯内部控制模块通过4*2矩阵键盘实现1-4层的选择、开门和关门操作。通过两个四相步进电机模拟电梯的开关门和上下行功能，每转一圈代表一层楼。利用HX711传感器实时采集电梯内的重量信息，并在开门时进行超载检测，若超载则触发蜂鸣器报警，并阻止关门直至不超载。为防止夹人事故，系统采用分离式红外对管，能够在关门时检测到物体并自动开门。此外，两个LED灯指示电梯的上行和下行状态，数码管显示电梯所处楼层信息。蓝牙模块用于将当前楼层信息发送至外部机。电梯外部控制模块通过4*2矩阵键盘实现1-4层呼叫操作。4个LED灯指示当前电梯到达的楼层。通过蓝牙模块，外部控制模块能够获取数据并将楼层请求发送至内部电梯控制模块。本系统通过硬件电路设计和单片机编程实现了电梯的模拟运行，包括开门、关门、上下行和楼层显示等功能。重点实现了电梯内外呼叫、超载检测、防夹功能和楼层信息传输等核心功能。在测试阶段，我们对系统进行了全面的功能测试和性能验证，确保了电梯系统的稳定运行和安全性。本毕业论文详细介绍了电梯控制系统的设计背景、需求分析、系统设计、实现过程和测试结果。系统在满足基本功能的同时，也具备一定的智能化特性，提高了电梯系统的用户体验和舒适性。
关键词：单片机；智能电梯控制系统；HX711传感器；分离式红外对管
This thesis presents the design and implementation of an intelligent elevator control system based on the single-chip microcontroller (STC89C52). The system aims to simulate the internal and external operations of an elevator and utilizes various sensors and actuators to achieve elevator movement and floor selection functionalities. The system consists of an elevator internal control module and an elevator external control module.The elevator internal control module utilizes a 4*2 matrix keypad to implement floor selection (1-4), door opening, and door closing operations. Two four-phase stepper motors are employed to simulate the elevator’s door opening and closing as well as its upward and downward movement, with each rotation representing one floor. An HX711 sensor is used to real-time collect the weight information inside the elevator, and during door opening, it performs overload detection. If an overload is detected, a buzzer is triggered, and the door remains open until the elevator is no longer overloaded. To prevent accidents involving entrapment, a separate infrared sensor pair is utilized to detect objects during door closing and automatically reopen the door if necessary. Additionally, two LED indicators represent the elevator’s upward and downward states, while a digital display shows the current floor. The Bluetooth module is employed to transmit the current floor information to the external control module.The elevator external control module utilizes a 4*2 matrix keypad to enable floor calling from outside the elevator. Four LED indicators display the current floor where the elevator has arrived. The external control module communicates with the internal elevator control module through Bluetooth, sending floor requests.The implemented system achieves elevator simulation with functionalities such as door opening, door closing, upward and downward movement, and floor display through hardware circuit design and single-chip microcontroller programming. The core functionalities of elevator internal and external calling, overload detection, entrapment prevention, and floor information transmission are emphasized.The system underwent comprehensive functional testing and performance verification during the testing phase, ensuring stable and safe operation of the elevator system. This thesis provides a detailed presentation of the design background, requirements analysis, system design, implementation process, and test results of the elevator control system. The system not only fulfills the basic functionalities but also incorporates intelligent features, enhancing user experience and comfort.
Keywords: Single-Chip Microcontroller; Intelligent Elevator Control System; HX711 Sensor; Separate Infrared Sensor Pair.
目 录
智能电梯控制系统设计与实现
摘 要
ABSTRACT
1 绪论
1.1 选题背景及实际意义
1.2 国内外发展历程
1.3 研究目的
2 系统设计方案
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 称重模块方案选择
2.1.3 防夹模块方案选择
2.2 整体设计方案
3 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 称重电路模块
3.3 分离式红外电路模块
3.4 显示电路模块
3.5 步进电机电路模块
3.6 独立按键电路模块
3.7 蓝牙电路模块
3.8 蜂鸣器电路模块
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 矩阵键盘子流程
4.4 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与调试过程
5.1 电路焊接总图
5.2 电梯功能测试
5.3 称重功能测试
5.4 防夹功能测试
6 结论和未来展望
致 谢
参考文献
附录A:原理图
附录B: PCB
附录C:主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！