设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘 要
现代社会中，私人汽车已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而，与之相关的车内环境和安全问题也日益引起人们的关注。特别是在高温、寒冷或气候恶劣的地区，车内的温度可能急剧升高或降低，导致车内环境对人员的安全和健康构成威胁。此外，车内滞留时车辆被盗窃、空气质量下降或意外事件发生的可能性也存在。车内环境与人员滞留监测系统是一种基于单片机STC12C5A60S2的智能监测系统，旨在提供车辆内部环境安全保障，避免人员滞留时的意外事件。该系统通过多个传感器和模块实现了全面的车内环境监测，并在检测到潜在风险情况下采取相应的警报措施。首先，系统通过霍尔传感器检测车门是否打开，并另一个霍尔传感器检测车内是否有车钥匙。当车门打开且车钥匙在车内时，系统触发声光警报，以提醒车主防止车辆盗窃。其次，系统使用DS18B20传感器检测车内温度，并使用氧气检测模块监测氧气浓度。如果温度超出了预设的范围或氧气浓度异常，系统将再次触发声光报警，同时通过GSM模块发送短信通知车主，以确保车内环境的安全。此外，系统还通过人体热释电感应模块检测车内是否有人。如果检测到人员存在，但温度或氧气浓度不在安全范围内，系统将再次触发警报和短信通知功能，以及通过GSM发送警报信息。为了方便用户操作和设置，系统提供了手机端发送短信来取消声光报警的功能，并通过按键来设置各种阈值，以适应不同的车辆和环境。最后，系统通过LCD1602显示实时测量数据，使车主能够轻松了解车内环境状况。车内环境与人员滞留监测系统的设计为车内安全提供了全面的保障，减少了潜在的风险和意外事件的发生。
关键词：车内环境监测；人员滞留检测；车辆安全系统；远程控制与报警系统
Abstract
In modern society, private cars have become an indispensable part of people’s lives. However, issues related to the car’s interior environment and safety are increasingly garnering attention. Especially in regions with extreme temperatures or adverse weather conditions, the temperature inside a car can rapidly rise or fall, posing a threat to the safety and health of individuals. Additionally, the possibility of vehicle theft, deteriorating air quality, or unforeseen events occurring during car interior stays is also a concern.The in-car environment and occupant detection system is an intelligent monitoring system based on the STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller, designed to provide safety within the vehicle’s interior environment and prevent unexpected incidents when occupants are present. This system utilizes multiple sensors and modules to comprehensively monitor the car’s interior environment and takes appropriate alert actions when potential risks are detected.Firstly, the system uses Hall sensors to detect if the car doors are open and if car keys are inside. When both the doors are open and car keys are present, the system triggers an audio and visual alarm to alert the vehicle owner and deter theft.Secondly, the system employs a DS18B20 sensor to measure the temperature inside the car and an oxygen detection module to monitor oxygen concentration. If the temperature exceeds predefined limits or oxygen concentration becomes abnormal, the system triggers an alarm, and via a GSM module, sends an SMS notification to the vehicle owner to ensure the safety of the car’s interior environment.Furthermore, the system uses a passive infrared motion sensor to detect the presence of occupants in the car. If occupants are detected and the temperature or oxygen levels fall outside the safe range, the system initiates an alarm and SMS notification, again utilizing the GSM module.To facilitate user operation and customization, the system allows users to send SMS commands from their mobile phones to cancel the audio and visual alarms, as well as configure various threshold values using physical buttons to adapt to different vehicles and environments.Finally, the system features an LCD1602 display to provide real-time measurement data, enabling vehicle owners to easily monitor the car’s interior environment conditions.The design of the in-car environment and occupant detection system offers comprehensive protection for in-car safety, reducing potential risks and unexpected incidents.
Keywords: in-car environment monitoring; occupant detection; vehicle safety system; remote control and alarm system
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
第1章绪论
1.1研究背景及意义
1.2国内外研究现状
1.3论文的主要内容
第2章 系统总体设计方案
2.1系统总体设计
2.2主要模块方案选择
2.2.1主控模块方案选择
2.2.2 人体检测模块方案选择
2.2.3温度模块方案选择
第3章硬件设计
3.1主控模块电路设计
3.2 霍尔监测模块电路设计
3.3 环境温度监测模块电路设计
3.4 氧气检测模块电路设计
3.5 人体热释电检测模块电路设计
3.6 液晶显示模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 GSM短信发送模块电路设计
3.9 独立按键模块电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 GSM模块子流程设计
4.6 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
第5章 仿真测试
5.1 整体仿真焊接图
5.2 车门内是否有钥匙仿真测试
5.3 车内有人仿真测试
5.4 远程测控仿真测试
第6章实物测试
6.1 整体实物焊接图
6.2 车门内是否有钥匙实物测试
6.3 车内有人实物测试
6.4 远程测控实物测试
第7章 总结展望
参考文献
附录
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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