设计说明书
总字数：17000+
本论文致力于设计一种基于STC89C52单片机的危险品运输车辆监测系统。该系统采用多传感器集成技术，包括DS18B20温度传感器、MQ-2烟雾传感器、MQ-135有害气体传感器和火焰传感器，实现对危险品运输车辆环境的多方面监测与报警。系统在探测到异常情况时，通过声光警报及继电器控制，确保危险品运输的安全性。本系统具备如下核心功能：首先，通过DS18B20温度传感器实时监测危险品运输车辆内部温度，与预设的温度上下限值进行比较。一旦温度超出设定范围，系统将触发声光警报，提醒驾驶员或相关人员车内温度异常。其次，系统利用MQ-2烟雾传感器检测车辆内部烟雾浓度，当烟雾浓度超过设定的最大值时，系统将发出声光警报，引起注意，以便及时采取措施。第三，通过MQ-135有害气体传感器监测危险品运输车辆内的有害气体浓度，一旦浓度超过设定的安全值，系统将启动声光警报，提醒相关人员存在危险。此外，系统还配备火焰传感器，用于检测车辆内是否发生明火。一旦火焰传感器检测到明火，系统将立即触发声光警报并闭合继电器，以实现火灾的及时处理。系统通过LCD1602显示屏实时展示各项测量数据，包括温度、烟雾浓度、有害气体浓度等，同时显示当前状态，如”danger”表示危险状态，”safe”表示安全状态。此外，系统还设计了按键界面，用户可通过按键设置各项阈值，包括温度上下限、烟雾最大值、有害气体最大值等，并能手动控制继电器灭火。最后，通过蓝牙模块实现了与手机的数据传输，用户可将监测数据传输至手机端，实时查看车辆状态。同时，手机端还具备修改各项阈值的功能，实现了对系统的远程控制。综上所述，本论文设计的基于STC89C52单片机的危险品运输车辆监测系统，通过多传感器的协同工作，实现了对温度、烟雾、有害气体和明火等环境因素的全方位监测与报警，具备了实时性、灵活性和远程控制的特点，为危险品运输车辆提供了一种可靠的安全保障方案。
关键词：危险品运输；监测系统设计；单片机；多传感器集成；声光报警；蓝牙远程控制
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to designing a hazardous materials transportation vehicle monitoring system based on the STC89C52 microcontroller. The system utilizes multi-sensor integration technology, including the DS18B20 temperature sensor, MQ-2 smoke sensor, MQ-135 hazardous gas sensor, and flame sensor, to achieve comprehensive monitoring and alarming of the hazardous materials transportation vehicle environment. When abnormal conditions are detected, the system ensures safety in hazardous materials transportation through sound and light alarms, as well as relay control.The core functionalities of this system are as follows: Firstly, the DS18B20 temperature sensor is employed to monitor the internal temperature of the hazardous materials transportation vehicle in real-time and compare it with preset upper and lower temperature limits. When the temperature exceeds the set range, the system triggers sound and light alarms to alert the driver or relevant personnel of abnormal temperature conditions. Secondly, the system employs the MQ-2 smoke sensor to detect the concentration of smoke inside the vehicle. If the smoke concentration exceeds the defined maximum value, the system emits sound and light alarms to attract attention, prompting immediate action.Thirdly, the MQ-135 hazardous gas sensor is used to monitor the concentration of hazardous gases within the hazardous materials transportation vehicle. If the concentration exceeds the predefined safety threshold, the system activates sound and light alarms to warn relevant personnel of potential danger. Additionally, the system is equipped with a flame sensor to detect the occurrence of flames inside the vehicle. Upon detecting flames, the system immediately triggers sound and light alarms and closes the relay to achieve timely fire suppression.The system utilizes an LCD1602 display to provide real-time visualization of various measurements, including temperature, smoke concentration, and hazardous gas concentration. The display also indicates the current status, such as “danger” for hazardous conditions and “safe” for normal conditions. Furthermore, the system incorporates a keypad interface that allows users to set threshold values, including temperature limits, maximum smoke concentration, and maximum hazardous gas concentration. Users can also manually control the relay for fire suppression.Finally, a Bluetooth module enables data transmission to a smartphone, allowing users to monitor the vehicle’s status in real-time. The smartphone application also features the capability to adjust threshold values, enabling remote control of the system.In conclusion, the designed hazardous materials transportation vehicle monitoring system based on the STC89C52 microcontroller employs the collaborative effort of multiple sensors to comprehensively monitor and alarm for temperature, smoke, hazardous gases, and flames. With real-time monitoring, flexibility, and remote control capabilities, the system offers a reliable safety solution for hazardous materials transportation vehicles.
Keywords: hazardous materials transportation; monitoring system design; microcontroller; multi-sensor integration; sound and light alarms; Bluetooth remote control..
目 录
基于单片机的危险品运输车辆监测系统设计
摘要
Abstract
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及其研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 研究目标
2 系统方案设计
2.1 整体方案设计
2.2 主要器件选型选择
2.2.1 主控芯片方案选择
2.2.2 环境温度监测模块方案选择
2.2.3 环境烟雾监测模块方案选择
2.2.4 环境有害气体监测模方案选择
3 硬件电路设计
3.1 主控模块电路
3.2环境温度监测模块电路
3.3 烟雾监测模块电路
3.4 有害气体检测模块电路
3.5 火焰监测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 继电器模块电路
3.8 声光报警模块电路
3.9 独立按键模块电路
3.10 蓝牙无线传输模块电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.6 A/D模数转换子流程
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物调试
5.1 实物调试部分
5.2 整体焊接实物
5.3 温度测控实物测试
5.4 烟雾测控实物测试
5.5 有害气体测控实物测试
5.6 火焰测控实物测试
总结与展望
致 谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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