设计说明书
总字数：15000+
随着社会发展和城市变革，我国城市外来人口不断增加，高层建筑成为城市建设的标志。为满足人们出行和工作的需求，高层建筑引入楼宇自动化和智能化科技，电梯成为不可或缺的运行工具。电梯性能和数量的提升要求日益增高，加强和完善电梯外观和自动化控制系统设计成为现代高层建筑规划的重要任务。本文以五层电梯自动控制系统为研究对象，综合运用单片机、电机、传感器和通信技术，实现了内机和外机的自动控制系统。在内机部分，通过五个独立按键实现电梯内部1-5层的请求，另外两个按键用于开门和关门操作。内部使用四相步进电机模拟电梯开关门和升降过程。利用hx711传感器采集电梯内的重量，在开门时如果超载，触发蜂鸣器报警，不允许关门。分离式红外对管模拟防夹功能，在关门时如有障碍物触发，会自动开门。通过LED灯表示电梯上下行状态，LCD1602显示当前楼层、门状态、电梯状态和是否超重。利用蓝牙技术，将当前楼层信息发送到外机。外机部分，利用矩阵键盘实现外部的1-5层呼叫请求，每层楼设有上下按键。五个LED灯指示电梯所到达的楼层。通过蓝牙技术，获取并发送楼层请求数据。通过综合应用多种技术，内外机之间实现了高效自动控制和信息传递。综上所述，本文设计并实现了一套五层电梯自动控制系统，涵盖了内外机各种功能和互联操作，为高层建筑提供了更安全、便捷和智能的电梯运行方式。
关键词：高层建筑；电梯自动化；控制系统；传感器技术；蓝牙通信
With the development of society and urban transformation, China’s urban population has been increasing, and high-rise buildings have become a symbol of urban development. To meet the needs of people’s travel and work, high-rise buildings have introduced building automation and intelligent technology, with elevators becoming indispensable tools for operation. The performance and quantity requirements for elevators have risen, making the enhancement and refinement of elevator aesthetics and automation control system design a crucial task in modern high-rise building planning. This paper takes a five-floor elevator automatic control system as the research subject, comprehensively utilizing microcontrollers, motors, sensors, and communication technology to achieve automatic control systems for both the elevator car and the landing call stations.In the elevator car part, five independent buttons are used to request travel between floors, while two additional buttons control door opening and closing. Stepper motors are employed to simulate elevator door opening and closing, as well as vertical movement. The hx711 sensor is used to collect the elevator car’s weight; if an overload is detected during door opening, a buzzer sounds and the door remains open until the overload is resolved. A separate infrared sensor pair is used to simulate anti-pinch functionality; if an obstruction is detected during door closing, the door automatically opens. LED lights indicate the elevator’s direction of travel, while an LCD1602 display shows the current floor, door status, elevator state, and whether there is an overload. Bluetooth technology is used to transmit the current floor information to the landing call station.In the landing call station part, a matrix keyboard is used for exterior calls to different floors, with separate buttons for going up and down. Five LED lights indicate the current floor the elevator has reached. Bluetooth technology is used to gather and transmit floor request data. Through the comprehensive application of multiple technologies, efficient automatic control and information transmission between the car and landing call stations are achieved.In summary, this paper designs and implements a five-floor elevator automatic control system, encompassing various functions and interconnections between the car and call stations. This system provides high-rise buildings with a safer, more convenient, and intelligent elevator operation mode.
Keywords: High-rise buildings; Elevator automation; Control system; Sensor technology; Bluetooth communication
目 录
基于单片机的五层电梯自动控制系统的设计
摘要
Abstract
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 项目背景和意义
1.2 国内外研究历程
1.3 项目的设计任务
2 总体方案设计
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控模块方案选择
2.1.2 防夹检测模块方案选择
2.1.3 重量监测模块方案旋转
2.2 系统总体设计思路
3 硬件系统设计
3.1 主控模块电路
3.2 防夹监测模块电路
3.3 重量监测模块电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 步进电机模块电路
3.6 独立按键模块电路
3.7 指示灯模块电路
3.8 蜂鸣器模块电路
3.9 蓝牙模块电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 内机系统主流程设计
4.2 外机系统主流程设计
4.3独立按键
4.4称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.5步进电机子流程
4.6蓝牙模块子流程
4.7LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 仿真测试
5.1 电梯上行仿真测试
5.2 电梯下行仿真测试
5.3 电梯防夹仿真测试
5.4 电梯超重仿真测试
6 实物测试
6.1 电梯上行实物测试
6.2 电梯下行实物测试
6.3 电梯防夹实物测试
6.4 电梯超重实物测试
总结与结论
参考文献
致谢
附录
附录一 原理图
附录二 PCB
附录三 主程序
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