设计说明书
总字数：12000+
随着城市化进程的不断加速和人口密集区域的不断扩大，火灾成为了一种严重的社会安全威胁。火灾不仅造成人员伤亡和财产损失，还对社会秩序和公共安全带来严重威胁。因此，有效的火灾监测与控制系统的研究与应用具有重要的现实意义。本文介绍了一种基于单片机的GSM火灾监测与控制系统的设计与实现。该系统采用STC89C52单片机作为控制核心，通过多种传感器实时监测火灾情况，并在检测到火灾时进行相应的控制与通知操作。系统具备以下主要功能：首先，系统通过MQ-2烟雾传感器实时检测环境中的烟雾值。当烟雾值超过预设的最大阈值时，系统将触发声光报警，同时自动开启水泵进行灭火。此外，系统还通过GSM模块发送短信通知“发生火灾，请速速查看”，以便及时通知相关人员。其次，系统还使用火焰传感器检测是否有明火产生。一旦明火被探测到，系统将执行声光报警、水泵开启等应急措施，并通过GSM模块发送类似的警报短信。此外，系统设计了按键功能，允许用户设置烟雾传感器的最大阈值以及控制水泵的开关状态，增加了系统的灵活性和可定制性。最后，系统在LCD1602液晶显示屏上展示实时的测量数据，包括烟雾值等，为用户提供直观的信息展示。通过上述功能，本系统能够高效、准确地监测火灾情况，及时采取控制措施，并通过GSM通信方式发送警报短信，确保火灾事件能够得到及时处理和响应。该系统不仅在家庭、办公等环境中具有重要应用价值，也为类似领域的研究提供了一种有效的设计思路。
关键词：单片机；GSM；火灾监测；控制系统；传感器；声光报警；短信通知
Abstract
With the continuous acceleration of urbanization and the expanding population in densely populated areas, fire has become a significant threat to social safety. Fires not only result in casualties and property losses but also pose a serious risk to social order and public security. Therefore, the research and application of effective fire monitoring and control systems hold crucial practical significance.，This paper presents the design and implementation of a GSM-based fire detection and control system using a microcontroller. The system employs the STC89C52 microcontroller as the core control unit and utilizes multiple sensors to monitor fire incidents in real-time, executing corresponding control and notification actions upon detection of a fire.The system encompasses the following key functionalities: Firstly, the system employs an MQ-2 smoke sensor to continuously monitor the smoke concentration in the environment. When the smoke concentration surpasses a predefined threshold, the system triggers audio and visual alarms and automatically activates a water pump for firefighting. Moreover, the system employs a GSM module to send alert messages reading “Fire detected, please investigate promptly,” ensuring timely notification to relevant personnel.Secondly, the system utilizes a flame sensor to detect the presence of open flames. Upon detecting flames, the system initiates audible and visual alarms, activates the water pump, and sends similar alert messages through the GSM module.Furthermore, the system incorporates button controls that allow users to set the maximum threshold for the smoke sensor and control the water pump’s on/off state, thereby enhancing system flexibility and customization.Lastly, the system presents real-time measurement data, including smoke concentration, on an LCD1602 display screen, providing users with intuitive information visualization.Through the aforementioned functionalities, the proposed system efficiently and accurately monitors fire incidents, promptly enacts control measures, and dispatches alert messages via GSM communication, ensuring timely handling and response to fire events. This system holds substantial application value not only in home and office settings but also provides an effective design approach for similar research domains.
Keywords: Microcontroller; GSM; Fire Detection; Control System; Sensors; Audio-Visual Alarms; SMS Notifications.
目 录
1 绪 论
1.1 选题背景及实际意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 本文实现的功能
2 系统设计方案
2.1 主要模块方案选择
2.1.1 主控芯片方案选择
2.1.2 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.3 火焰传感器选择
2.1.3 显示方案选择
2.2 整体设计方案
3 硬件设计
3.1 单片机最小系统
3.2 烟雾监测模块
3.3 火焰监测模块
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 按键电路设计
3.6 继电器模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块原理图
3.8 GSM模块原理图
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 GSM模块子流程设计
4.6 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5实物测试
5.1 总体实物测试
6.2 烟雾监测实物测试
6.3 火焰监测实物测试
总结与展望
参考文献
致 谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 程序
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