设计说明书
总字数：16000+
在现代社会，厨房是家庭中一个重要的活动场所，而厨房的环境安全和舒适性对居住者的生活质量和健康至关重要。然而，传统的厨房环境监测和控制方法往往依赖人工干预，存在一定的局限性和不便之处。随着科技的不断发展，智能化技术在家居领域的应用越来越广泛，智能厨房系统的研究和设计变得尤为重要。本论文设计了一种基于单片机的厨房抽油烟机自动控制系统。该系统综合运用了多种传感器和控制技术，实现了对厨房环境的自动监测和控制。主要功能包括：通过MQ-2烟雾传感器检测厨房内烟雾浓度，根据设定的阈值自动控制油烟机风扇的转速，实现有效的烟雾排除。利用DS18B20温度传感器监测温度，一旦温度超过设定的最大阈值，系统将启动灭火继电器并进行声光报警，提高了厨房的安全性。通过人体热释电感应模块检测是否有人在厨房内，结合光敏电阻检测光照值，根据环境情况自动控制灯光的开关，提供了更加智能的照明方案。利用MQ-5传感器检测可燃气体值，一旦气体浓度超过设定的最大阈值，系统将进行声光报警，有效预防气体泄漏危险。通过MX1508电机驱动模块控制风扇的转速，使用PWM技术实现精细的转速调节，提升了系统的控制精度。用户可以通过按键设置各种阈值，调节风扇转速以及控制灯光的开关，提供了灵活的操作方式。通过OLED显示屏实时显示各项测量值，为用户提供直观的信息反馈。本系统通过综合运用传感器技术、控制算法和人机交互设计，实现了厨房环境的智能化监测和自动控制。其在提升厨房安全性、舒适性和便捷性方面具有广阔的应用前景，为厨房设备的智能化升级提供了一种可行性解决方案。
关键词：单片机；厨房抽油烟机；自动控制；传感器技术；智能化监测；安全性
In modern society, the kitchen serves as a crucial hub within households, where the safety and comfort of the kitchen environment hold paramount importance for the residents’ quality of life and well-being. However, traditional methods for monitoring and controlling kitchen environments often rely on manual intervention, leading to certain limitations and inconveniences. With the continuous advancement of technology, the application of smart technology in the realm of home appliances has become increasingly prevalent, making the research and design of smart kitchen systems particularly significant.This paper presents the design of a microcontroller-based automatic control system for kitchen extractor hoods. The system integrates various sensors and control techniques to realize automated monitoring and control of the kitchen environment. The primary functionalities include: using an MQ-2 smoke sensor to detect smoke concentration within the kitchen; automatically adjusting the motor speed of the hood fan based on predefined thresholds for effective smoke extraction. The DS18B20 temperature sensor monitors the temperature, and in case it exceeds a preset threshold, the system triggers a fire suppression relay and initiates audible and visual alarms, thereby enhancing kitchen safety. Through the utilization of a passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor, the system detects the presence of individuals in the kitchen, while an ambient light sensor measures illumination levels. This information is used to intelligently control the lighting, providing an enhanced lighting solution. Employing an MQ-5 gas sensor, the system detects combustible gas levels, and upon exceeding the predefined threshold, activates alarms to prevent gas leakage hazards. The MX1508 motor driver module is employed to control the fan’s speed, utilizing pulse-width modulation (PWM) for precise speed adjustments, thus enhancing control accuracy. Users can set various thresholds, adjust fan speeds, and control lighting using buttons, offering flexible operation. Real-time measurement values are displayed on an OLED screen, providing intuitive feedback to users.By synergizing sensor technology, control algorithms, and human-computer interaction design, this system achieves intelligent monitoring and automated control of the kitchen environment. It has a promising application outlook in terms of enhancing kitchen safety, comfort, and convenience, providing a feasible solution for the intelligent upgrade of kitchen appliances.
Keywords: Microcontroller; Kitchen Extractor Hood; Automatic Control; Sensor Technology; Intelligent Monitoring; Safety.
目录
基于单片机的厨房抽油烟机自动控制系统设计
摘要
Abstract
第一章 绪论
1.1课题设计背景与意义
1.2国内外发展历程
1.3研究目标及预期功能
第二章 设计思路与方案选择
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度检测模块方案选择
2.1.3 烟雾检测模块方案选择
2.1.4 人体检测模块方案选择
2.1.5 显示模块方案选择
2.2整体设计方案
第三章 硬件设计
3.1主控电路模块
3.2 环境温度检测模块电路
3.3 烟雾检测模块电路
3.4 人体检测模块电路
3.5 光照强度检测模块电路
3.6 可燃气检测模块电路
3.7 显示检测模块电路
3.8 直流电机驱动模块电路
3.9 独立按键模块电路
3.10 声光报警模块电路
第四章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3独立按键
4.4温度检测模块子流程
4.5直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
4.7 舵机模块子流通
第五章 实物测试
5.1整体实物测试
5.2 烟雾检测实物测试
5.3 温度检测实物测试
5.4 可燃气体检测实物测试
5.5 照明灯控制实物测试
第六章 总结与展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一: 原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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