设计说明书
总字数：11000+
摘 要
水是地球上最为重要的资源之一，人类的生活和发展离不开水资源。在我国缺水问题一直很明显，而且我国水资源分布极不平衡，许多地区对于水资源的管理比较混乱，管理效率和经济效益较低，会造成水资源的浪费。随着计算机网络技术和物联网技术的的迅猛发展，信息技术越来越普及，因此为了更好的实现对于水资源规范化和智能化的管理,我们需要对地区水资源使用情况进行实时监控。传统的远传水表，对于水流量统计数据一般几天甚至几周时间上传一次，对于用水量大的用户，无法实现水流量数据实时上传。同时传统的无线远传技术，存在覆盖能力、丢包率、安全性、信号穿透力等问题。针对传统水表存在的上述问题，本文采取了WiFi(物联网技术)与阿里云物联网云平台相结合的方式，并搭建了基于阿里云平台的监控系统，实现了三个系统之间的信息交互。
本次设计的系统主要包括检测端、阿里云云平台和水表监控平台三个子系统。其中水表的硬件电路设计主要包括了对微控制器、无线传输模块、水流量传感器等的选择和设计。并用C语言对其软件部分进行编程，实现其数据采集上传和阀门控制功能。构建了基于MQTT协议的数据传输程序，将数据传送至阿里云物联网云平台。阿里云云平台主要作为设备与后台监控系统信息传递的桥梁，通过提供SPI以及数据推送等功能实现监控平台对于设备以及数据的管理，缩短开发周期，降低了系统维护难度。可以在监控系统中实现对终端设备的控制和查询。整个系统实现了设备控制、数据采集上报、监控、存储、可视化的一体化功能。达到了用户对于设备和数据管理控制的需求从而帮助用户对用水量实时进行监控,进一步提高水资源利用率以及管理和服务水平，实现更好的水资源分配。最后通过系统硬件部分和软件部分的联合测试，终端设备与云平台监控平台之间能够正常通讯，监控平台能够准确地监测到远程水表的数据，并且可以通过监控平台向水表发送命令控制电动阀门状态，整个系统运行良好，达到设计要求。
关键词：水流量检测；远程测控；阿里云；单片机
Abstract：Water is one of the most important resources on the earth, and human life and development cannot do without water resources. The problem of water shortage in our country has always been obvious, and the distribution of water resources in our country is extremely unbalanced, and the management of water resources in many areas is chaotic, and the management efficiency and economic benefits are low, which will cause the waste of water resources. With the rapid development of computer network technology and Internet of Things technology, information technology is becoming more and more popular. Therefore, in order to better realize the standardized and intelligent management of water resources, we need to carry out real-time monitoring of regional water resources use. For traditional remote water meters, water flow statistics are generally uploaded once a few days or even weeks, and for users with large water consumption, real-time water flow data cannot be uploaded. At the same time, the traditional wireless remote transmission technology has some problems such as coverage capability, packet loss rate, security and signal penetration. In view of the above problems existing in traditional water meters, this paper adopts the combination of WiFi(Internet of Things technology) and Alibaba Cloud Internet of Things cloud platform, and builds a monitoring system based on Alibaba Cloud platform to realize the information interaction between the three systems.
The designed system mainly includes three subsystems: detection terminal, Aliyun cloud platform and water meter monitoring platform. The hardware circuit design of water meter mainly includes the selection and design of microcontroller, wireless transmission module and water flow sensor. The software is programmed with C language to realize the functions of data acquisition, upload and valve control. A data transmission program based on MQTT protocol is built to transmit data to Alibaba Cloud iot cloud platform. Alibaba Cloud platform is mainly used as a bridge between equipment and background monitoring system information transmission. By providing SPI and data push functions, the monitoring platform can manage equipment and data, shorten the development cycle and reduce the difficulty of system maintenance. The control and query of terminal equipment can be realized in the monitoring system. The whole system realizes the integrated functions of equipment control, data collection and reporting, monitoring, storage and visualization. Meet the needs of users for equipment and data management control to help users monitor water consumption in real time, further improve water utilization, management and service levels, and achieve better water allocation. Finally, through the joint test of the hardware part and the software part of the system, the terminal device and the cloud platform monitoring platform can communicate normally, the monitoring platform can accurately monitor the data of the remote water meter, and can send commands to the water meter through the monitoring platform to control the status of the electric valve, the whole system runs well and meets the design requirements.
Key words：water flow detection; Remote measurement and control; Alibaba Cloud; Single chip microcomputer
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及其研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 研究内容
2 系统方案设计
2.1 系统方案设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
2.2.1 主控模块方案选择
2.2.2 无线传输模块方案选择
2.2.3 水流量检测模块方案选择
3 硬件电路设计
3.1 主控模块电路设计
3.2 水流量检测模块电路设计
3.3 WiFi无线传输电路设计
3.4 继电器电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 联网指示灯模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3独立按键
4.4 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试图
5.2 按键控制水流量测控实物测试
5.3 手机远程测试实物测试
5.4 联网测试实物测试
总结与展望
致 谢
参 考 文 献
附录A ：原理图
附录B ：PCB
附录C：主程序
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