设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着现代化养殖业的快速发展，鸡舍环境的精准调控对提升养殖效率、保障家禽健康及产品质量具有重要意义。传统的人工调控方式不仅依赖经验判断、响应滞后，还存在劳动强度大、参数控制不一致等问题，难以满足规模化、智能化养殖的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的鸡舍环境测控系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ-135 有害气体传感器、MQ-137 氨气传感器、光照检测模块、RTC 时钟模块、按键、显示屏、蓝牙模块及执行设备（通风装置、加热装置、补光设备、水泵等），实现了鸡舍环境的自动化监测与智能调控。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测温湿度，当温度过高或湿度过高时自动启动通风，温度低于设定值时触发加热；通过 MQ-135 检测有害气体浓度，超标时启动通风；借助内部 RTC 同步时间并设定开灯时段，结合光照检测模块，当光照值低于阈值且处于开灯时段时自动补光；通过 MQ-137 检测氨气浓度，超标时控制水泵喷水降氨；支持通过按键修正时间、设置各参数阈值，以及手动控制通风、加热、补光、水泵和模式切换；通过显示屏实时显示各项监测数据及设备状态；利用蓝牙模块将数据同步至手机端，实现远程监测与设备控制（通风、加热、补光、水泵及模式切换）。
该系统的实现，有效提升了鸡舍环境调控的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，确保了环境参数的稳定与精准，为规模化家禽养殖提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类农业环境测控设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；鸡舍环境；测控系统；传感器；智能调控；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of modern aquaculture, precise regulation of chicken house environments is of great significance for improving breeding efficiency, ensuring poultry health, and enhancing product quality. Traditional manual regulation methods not only rely on empirical judgment with delayed responses but also suffer from high labor intensity and inconsistent parameter control, making them difficult to meet the needs of large-scale and intelligent breeding.
The chicken house environment measurement and control system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates hardware such as DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, MQ-135 harmful gas sensors, MQ-137 ammonia sensors, light detection modules, RTC clock modules, buttons, displays, Bluetooth modules, and executive devices (ventilation devices, heating devices, supplementary lighting equipment, water pumps, etc.), realizing automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation of the chicken house environment. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity through DHT11, automatically starting ventilation when the temperature or humidity is too high, and triggering heating when the temperature is lower than the set value; detecting harmful gas concentrations through MQ-135 and activating ventilation when exceeding the standard; synchronizing time with the internal RTC and setting lighting periods, and combining with the light detection module to automatically supplement light when the light value is lower than the threshold and within the lighting period; detecting ammonia concentration through MQ-137 and controlling the water pump to spray water for ammonia reduction when exceeding the standard; supporting time correction, setting of various parameter thresholds through buttons, as well as manual control of ventilation, heating, supplementary lighting, water pumps, and mode switching; real-time display of various monitoring data and equipment status through the display; synchronizing data to the mobile phone via the Bluetooth module to achieve remote monitoring and equipment control (ventilation, heating, supplementary lighting, water pumps, and mode switching).
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of chicken house environment regulation, reduces manual intervention, ensures the stability and accuracy of environmental parameters, provides an efficient and reliable solution for large-scale poultry breeding, and also offers a reference for the research and development of similar agricultural environment measurement and control equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Chicken house environment; Measurement and control system; Sensor; Intelligent regulation; Bluetooth communication
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 有害气体传感器选择
2.1.4 氨气传感器选择
2.1.5 光照检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 有害气体传感器电路
3.4 氨气传感器电路
3.5 光照检测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 蓝牙模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 有害气体与氨气传感器功能测试
5.4 光照检测模块与补光功能测试
5.5 执行设备功能测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.7 蓝牙模块功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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