设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
随着人们对生活品质与环境卫生要求的不断提高，智能垃圾桶作为提升家居与公共区域便捷性、洁净度的重要设施，其自动化与智能化需求日益凸显。传统垃圾桶需手动开盖，易造成手部接触污染，且难以直观判断满溢状态，给日常使用带来诸多不便。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能垃圾桶系统，整合了红外避障管、红外对射管、舵机、声光报警装置、按键、光照检测模块及照明设备，实现了垃圾桶的自动化感应与智能管理。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障管实时检测前方是否有人，结合红外对射管检测的垃圾桶满溢状态，当检测到人且垃圾桶未满时，控制舵机自动打开桶盖，3 秒后自动关闭；若检测到人但垃圾桶已满，则不开启桶盖并触发声光报警装置，连续报警 3 次；支持通过按键手动控制桶盖打开，3 秒后自动关闭，满足特殊场景需求；借助光照检测模块监测环境光照强度，当光照值低于阈值时，自动启动照明设备，提升昏暗环境下的使用便利性；通过状态指示灯实时显示垃圾桶的工作状态（正常、满溢、手动模式等）。
该系统的实现，有效提升了垃圾桶使用的便捷性与卫生性，减少了手动接触带来的污染风险，同时通过满溢报警功能及时提醒清理，为家居、办公及公共场所的环境管理提供了高效、实用的解决方案，具有较高的推广应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；智能垃圾桶；红外检测；舵机控制；自动感应
ABSTRACT
With the continuous improvement of people’s requirements for quality of life and environmental hygiene, intelligent trash bins, as important facilities to enhance the convenience and cleanliness of home and public areas, have an increasingly prominent demand for automation and intelligence. Traditional trash bins require manual opening of the lid, which easily causes hand contact pollution, and it is difficult to intuitively judge the overflow status, bringing many inconveniences to daily use.
The intelligent trash bin system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrates infrared obstacle avoidance tubes, infrared correlation tubes, servos, sound and light alarm devices, buttons, light detection modules and lighting equipment, realizing automatic induction and intelligent management of the trash bin. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of whether there is a person in front through the infrared obstacle avoidance tube, combined with the trash bin full status detected by the infrared correlation tube. When a person is detected and the trash bin is not full, the servo is controlled to automatically open the lid, which is automatically closed after 3 seconds; if a person is detected but the trash bin is full, the lid is not opened and the sound and light alarm device is triggered to alarm continuously for 3 times; it supports manual control of the lid opening through buttons, which is automatically closed after 3 seconds to meet the needs of special scenarios; the light detection module is used to monitor the ambient light intensity, and when the light value is lower than the threshold, the lighting equipment is automatically activated; the working status of the trash bin (normal, full, manual mode, etc.) is displayed through status indicators.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the convenience and hygiene of using the trash bin, reduces the risk of pollution caused by manual contact, and timely reminds cleaning through the overflow alarm function, providing an efficient and practical solution for environmental management in homes, offices and public places, with high promotion and application value.
Keywords:STC89C52; Intelligent trash bin; Infrared detection; Servo control; Automatic induction
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
国外研究现状
国内研究现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 人体检测传感器选择
2.1.3 满溢检测传感器选择
2.1.4 执行机构（桶盖驱动）选择
2.1.5 声光报警装置选择
2.1.6 光照检测模块选择
2.1.7 照明设备选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 人体检测传感器电路
3.3 满溢检测传感器电路
3.4 舵机驱动电路
3.5 声光报警电路
3.6 光照检测模块电路
3.7 照明电路
3.8 按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 舵机模块子流通
4.5 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.6 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.7 光照检测模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 人体检测传感器功能测试
5.3 满溢检测传感器功能测试
5.4 舵机驱动功能测试
5.5 声光报警功能测试
5.6 光照检测与照明功能测试
5.7 按键手动控制功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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