设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
在现代化农业持续发展的进程中，温室大棚环境的精准监测与调控对于保障作物健康生长、提高产量和品质至关重要。传统的温室大棚管理多依赖人工巡检，存在数据采集不及时、监测精度低、报警滞后等问题，难以满足精细化种植的需求。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的温室大棚环境监测系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、防水式 DS18B20 土壤温度传感器、土壤湿度监测模块、光照检测模块、按键、LCD1602 显示屏及声光报警装置，实现了对温室大棚环境的全面监测与及时预警。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测环境温湿度；借助防水式 DS18B20 检测土壤温度；利用土壤湿度监测模块获取土壤湿度；通过光照检测模块监测大棚内的光照强度；支持通过按键设置环境温湿度、土壤温湿度、光照强度的上下阈值；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示环境温湿度、土壤温湿度等监测数据；当环境温湿度、土壤温湿度或光照强度超出设定的阈值范围时，立即触发声光报警提醒。
该系统的实现，有效提升了温室大棚环境监测的自动化水平，减少了人工干预，确保了环境参数监测的及时性与准确性，为作物的精细化种植提供了可靠的数据支持，同时也为同类简易农业环境监测设备的研发提供了参考，具有一定的实际应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；温室大棚；环境监测；传感器；阈值设置；声光报警
ABSTRACT
In the continuous development of modern agriculture, precise monitoring and regulation of greenhouse environments are crucial for ensuring the healthy growth of crops and improving yield and quality. Traditional greenhouse management mostly relies on manual inspections, which have problems such as untimely data collection, low monitoring accuracy, and delayed alarms, making it difficult to meet the needs of refined cultivation.
The greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the STC89C52 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, waterproof DS18B20 soil temperature sensors, soil moisture monitoring modules, light detection modules, buttons, LCD1602 displays, and sound – light alarm devices, realizing comprehensive monitoring and timely early warning of the greenhouse environment. The core functions of the system include: real – time monitoring of environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11; detecting soil temperature with waterproof DS18B20; obtaining soil moisture using soil moisture monitoring modules; monitoring the light intensity in the greenhouse through light detection modules; supporting the setting of upper and lower thresholds for environmental temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, and light intensity through buttons; real – time display of monitoring data such as environmental temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity through LCD1602 display; when environmental temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, or light intensity exceed the set threshold range, immediately triggering sound – light alarm reminders.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation level of greenhouse environment monitoring, reduces manual intervention, ensures the timeliness and accuracy of environmental parameter monitoring, provides reliable data support for refined crop cultivation, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar simple agricultural environment monitoring equipment, with certain practical application value.
Keywords:STC89C52; Greenhouse; Environmental monitoring; Sensor; Threshold setting; Sound – light alarm
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 环境温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 土壤温度传感器选择
2.1.4 土壤湿度传感器选择
2.1.5 光照检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 声光报警装置选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 环境温湿度传感器电路
3.3 土壤温度传感器电路
3.4 土壤湿度传感器电路
3.5 光照检测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 声光报警装置电路
3.9 ADC 转换电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 温度检测模块子流程
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 环境温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 土壤温度传感器功能测试
5.4 土壤湿度传感器功能测试
5.5 光照检测模块功能测试
5.6 显示模块功能测试
5.7 按键模块功能测试
5.8 声光报警装置功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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