设计说明书
总字数：16000+
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3 主要研究内容
2 概要设计与需求分析
2.1 系统的总体架构
2.2 系统的需求分析
2.2.1 需求分析
2.2.2 可行性分析分析
3 系统的硬件设计
3.1 系统硬件设计的总体架构
3.2 主控芯片的选择
3.3 主要传感器模块选择
3.3.1 温度检测模块
3.3.2 烟雾检测模块
3.3.3 粉尘检测模块
3.3.4 心率血氧检测模块
3.3.5 CO检测模块
3.3.6 人体热释电检测模块
3.4 WiFi模块
3.5 OLED显示模块
4 系统软件设计
4.1 软件主流程设计
4.2 独立按键
4.3 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.6 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.8 云平台设计
4.9 APP设计
5 系统测试
5.1 硬件测试
5.1.1 温度检测模块测试
5.1.2 烟雾检测模块测试
5.1.3 粉尘检测模块测试
5.1.4 心率血氧检测模块测试
5.1.5 CO检测模块测试
5.1.6 人体热释电检测模块测试
5.1.7 显示模块测试
5.1.8 按键功能测试
5.2 APP测试
5.3 云平台测试
6 总结与展望
参考文献
附 录
1 硬件实物图
2 PCB图
3 电路原理图
4 程序源代码
致 谢
随着城市化进程的加速和火灾事故的频发，消防员在复杂火灾环境中救援的安全问题日益受到关注。传统消防装备在感知环境风险和实时监测消防员状态方面存在明显不足，难以满足现代消防救援的需求。随着物联网技术的快速发展，为解决这一问题提供了新的方向。基于物联网的智能消防头盔应运而生，旨在通过集成多种传感器和通信模块，实时监测环境参数和消防员生理状态，为消防员提供全方位的安全保障。本文聚焦智能消防头盔的设计与实现，开篇先分析了课题的研究背景，再深入探讨其应用需求。接着，对系统的硬件与软件设计展开详细论述，并通过一系列测试验证其功能与性能。智能消防头盔基于STM32主控，集成温度、烟雾、粉尘及CO浓度传感器实时监测火场环境，超阈值时触发声光报警；内置心率血氧模块追踪消防员生理状态，热释电传感器布防时可识别人体移动并预警。通过WiFi模块实现数据云端同步，支持手机端远程调整参数，配备一键求救功能。头盔集成OLED显示屏实时显示环境与生理数据,便于消防员快速了解自身状况和现场情况。
关键词：消防头盔；物联网技术；WiFi；STM32
Design and implementation of intelligent fire-fighting helmet based on the Internet of Things
With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of fire accidents, the safety issues of firefighters’ rescue in complex fire environments have increasingly attracted attention. Traditional fire-fighting equipment has obvious deficiencies in sensing environmental risks and real-time monitoring of firefighters’ status, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern fire-fighting rescue. With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, this problem has provided a new direction for solution. The intelligent fire helmet based on IoT has emerged, aiming to provide comprehensive safety guarantees for firefighters through integrating multiple sensors and communication modules to monitor environmental parameters and firefighters’ physiological states in real time. This article focuses on the design and implementation of the intelligent fire helmet, starting with an analysis of the research background of the topic, then delving into its application requirements. Next, it elaborates in detail on the hardware and software design of the system, and verifies its functions and performance through a series of tests. The intelligent fire helmet is based on STM32 as the main control unit, integrating temperature, smoke, dust, and CO concentration sensors to monitor the fire scene environment in real time. When the threshold is exceeded, it triggers audible and visual alarms; it also has a built-in heart rate and blood oxygen module to track the firefighters’ physiological states, and a pyroelectric sensor to detect human movement and issue warnings when setting up defense. Data is synchronized to the cloud through the WiFi module, supporting remote parameter adjustment on mobile phones and equipped with a one-click emergency call function. The helmet integrates an OLED display to show real-time environmental and physiological data, facilitating firefighters to quickly understand their own conditions and the situation on the scene.
Key words: Fire helmet,Internet of Things technology,WiFi,STM32
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