设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着教育事业的发展和家长对学生安全的高度重视，校车安全监控成为保障学生出行安全的关键环节。传统的校车管理依赖人工记录和定时巡查，存在信息滞后、监管不全面、应急响应慢等问题，难以满足实时化、智能化的安全管理需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网校车安全监控系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、GPS + 北斗定位模块、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、RFID 识别模块、康帕斯 A9 摄像头、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏及 ESP8266WiFi 模块，实现了校车环境与人员的全方位监控。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测车内温湿度，超标时触发声光报警；借助 GPS + 北斗获取校车经纬度，实现实时定位；通过 SGP30 检测二氧化碳浓度，超标时进行声光报警；利用 RFID 模块识别学生（小甲、小乙、小丙）上下车信息，每次刷卡同步向手机端推送弹窗通知；通过摄像头实时监控车内情况并存储视频至 SD 卡，支持历史视频查看；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示监测数据；利用 WiFi 模块将数据发送至手机端，支持远程设置阈值。
该系统的实现，有效提升了校车安全监控的实时性与智能化水平，实现了环境异常预警、人员动态追踪和远程监管，为学生出行安全提供了全面保障，同时为同类校车监控设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；物联网；校车安全；监控系统；传感器；WiFi 通信
ABSTRACT
With the development of education and the high attention of parents to students’ safety, school bus safety monitoring has become a key link in ensuring students’ travel safety. Traditional school bus management relies on manual records and regular inspections, which has problems such as information lag, incomplete supervision, and slow emergency response, making it difficult to meet the real-time and intelligent safety management needs.
The IoT-based school bus safety monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, GPS+Beidou positioning modules, SGP30 carbon dioxide sensors, RFID identification modules, Compass A9 cameras, 3 independent buttons, OLED displays, and ESP8266WiFi modules, realizing comprehensive monitoring of the school bus environment and personnel. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity in the vehicle through DHT11, triggering sound and light alarms when exceeding the standard; obtaining the latitude and longitude of the school bus with GPS+Beidou to achieve real-time positioning; detecting carbon dioxide concentration through SGP30, and conducting sound and light alarms when exceeding the standard; using RFID modules to identify students (Xiaojia, Xiaoyi, Xiaobing) getting on and off the bus, and pushing pop-up notifications to the mobile phone terminal synchronously each time the card is swiped; real-time monitoring of the interior of the vehicle through the camera and storing videos to the SD card, supporting historical video viewing; supporting the setting of various parameter thresholds through buttons; real-time display of monitoring data through the OLED display; sending data to the mobile phone terminal using the WiFi module, supporting remote setting of thresholds.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the real-time and intelligent level of school bus safety monitoring, realizes environmental abnormality early warning, personnel dynamic tracking, and remote supervision, provides comprehensive protection for students’ travel safety, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar school bus monitoring equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; IoT; School bus safety; Monitoring system; Sensor; WiFi communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 定位模块选择
2.1.4 二氧化碳传感器选择
2.1.5 RFID 识别模块选择
2.1.6 摄像头模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 无线通信模块选择
2.1.9 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度检测电路
3.3 二氧化碳检测电路
3.4 GPS + 北斗定位电路
3.5 RFID 识别电路
3.6 摄像头电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 WiFi 通信电路
3.9 按键与报警电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 GPS模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.9 RFID模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度检测模块功能测试
5.3 GPS + 北斗定位模块功能测试
5.4 二氧化碳传感器功能测试
5.5 RFID 识别模块功能测试
5.6 摄像头与存储功能测试
5.7 WiFi 模块远程通信测试
5.8 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.9 声光报警装置功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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