设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着汽车保有量的快速增长，车内环境质量与行车安全愈发受到关注。传统的车内环境管理依赖人工感知，存在监测滞后、预警不及时等问题，难以应对高温、有害气体超标等潜在风险，尤其在密闭车厢或遗留人员场景中，易引发安全事故。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能车内环境监测与安全预警系统，整合了 DS18B20 温度传感器、MQ-7 一氧化碳传感器、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、MQ-3 酒精传感器、GP2Y10 PM2.5 传感器、声音检测模块、人体热释电 D203S 传感器、按键、OLED 显示屏、GPS 模块及 4G 模块，实现了车内环境的全方位监测与安全预警。系统核心功能包括：通过各类传感器实时检测温度、CO、CO₂、酒精、PM2.5 及噪声值；D203S 检测车内是否有人，当有人且任一参数超标（温度超出设定范围或其他参数大于最大值）时，触发声光报警；若 10 秒后仍有人，通过 GPS 获取定位，经 4G 模块将经纬度发送至手机端；支持按键设置各参数上限值，OLED 显示屏实时展示各项检测数据。
该系统的实现，有效提升了车内环境监测的实时性与安全性，通过自动预警与远程定位功能，降低了车内安全隐患，为车主及乘客提供了可靠的环境保障，同时为车辆智能安全系统的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；车内环境监测；安全预警；多参数检测；远程定位
ABSTRACT
With the rapid growth of car ownership, in-vehicle environmental quality and driving safety have attracted increasing attention. Traditional in-vehicle environment management relies on manual perception, which has problems such as delayed monitoring and untimely early warning. It is difficult to cope with potential risks such as high temperatures and excessive harmful gases, especially in closed compartments or scenarios with left-behind personnel, which may easily lead to safety accidents.
The intelligent in-vehicle environment monitoring and safety early warning system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DS18B20 temperature sensor, MQ-7 carbon monoxide sensor, SGP30 carbon dioxide sensor, MQ-3 alcohol sensor, GP2Y10 PM2.5 sensor, sound detection module, human body pyroelectric D203S sensor, buttons, OLED display, GPS module and 4G module, realizing all-round monitoring and safety early warning of the in-vehicle environment. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of temperature, CO, CO₂, alcohol, PM2.5 and noise values through various sensors; D203S detects whether there is anyone in the car. When there is someone in the car and any parameter exceeds the standard (temperature is out of the set range or other parameters are greater than the maximum value), an acousto-optic alarm is triggered; if there is still someone detected after 10 seconds, the positioning is obtained through GPS, and the latitude and longitude are sent to the mobile phone through the 4G module; it supports setting each upper limit value through buttons, and the OLED display shows the measured data in real time.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the real-time performance and safety of in-vehicle environment monitoring. Through automatic early warning and remote positioning functions, it reduces potential safety hazards in the car, provides reliable environmental protection for car owners and passengers, and also provides a reference for the research and development of vehicle intelligent safety systems, with high practical value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; in-vehicle environment monitoring; safety early warning; multi-parameter detection; remote positioning
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
国外研究现状
国内研究现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度传感器选择
2.1.3 一氧化碳（CO）传感器选择
2.1.4 二氧化碳（CO₂）传感器选择
2.1.5 酒精传感器选择
2.1.6 PM2.5 传感器选择
2.1.7 噪声检测模块选择
2.1.8 人体检测模块选择
2.1.9 定位模块选择
2.1.10 通信模块选择
2.1.11 显示与按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度传感器电路
3.3 一氧化碳（CO）传感器电路
3.4 二氧化碳（CO₂）传感器电路
3.5 酒精传感器电路
3.6 PM2.5 传感器电路
3.7 噪声检测模块电路
3.8 人体检测模块电路
3.9 定位模块电路
3.10 通信模块电路
3.11 显示与报警电路
3.12 按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.8 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.9 GPS模块子流程设计
4.10 发送短信子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温度与气体传感器功能测试
5.3 PM2.5 与噪声检测功能测试
5.4 人体检测与报警联动功能测试
5.5 定位与通信模块功能测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.7 综合功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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