设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在汽车驾驶安全领域，倒车过程中的障碍物碰撞风险一直是困扰驾驶员的重要问题。传统倒车辅助手段依赖后视镜观察，存在视野盲区大、距离判断不准确等缺陷，尤其在低速倒车时，易因反应不及时引发刮擦或碰撞事故。因此，研发一种具备精准测距、速度监测、多维度报警及远程查看功能的倒车雷达系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的倒车雷达系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 HC-R04 超声波模块实时获取车辆与障碍物的距离，当距离小于设置最小值时，触发 CN-TTS 语音模块提醒并启动声光报警；借助 KY-003 速度检测模块监测倒车速度，速度超过最大值时同步进行语音提醒与声光报警；通过按键可设置距离阈值、速度阈值及进行调速操作；OLED 显示屏实时显示当前距离、速度及温度数据；通过 ESP8266-WiFi 模块将监测数据上传至远程终端，支持远程查看；摄像头模块实时采集车尾画面，辅助驾驶员观察环境；DS18B20 温度检测模块获取环境温度，为超声波测距提供温度补偿；通过 MX1508 芯片驱动直流电机模拟车轮转动状态。
该倒车雷达系统的作用在于，构建了 “监测 – 预警 – 辅助” 的一体化倒车安全防护体系。通过精准的距离与速度监测及多形式报警，为驾驶员提供及时的风险提示；远程查看与摄像头画面增强了环境感知能力，有效减少倒车盲区风险，提升驾驶安全性与便利性。
关键词：单片机；倒车雷达系统；超声波测距；速度监测；安全预警
Reversing radar system
Abstract
In the field of car driving safety, the risk of obstacle collision during reversing has always been an important issue that troubles drivers. Traditional reverse assistance methods rely on rearview mirror observation, which has defects such as large blind spots and inaccurate distance judgment. Especially when reversing at low speeds, it is easy to cause scratches or collisions due to delayed response. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reverse radar system with precise distance measurement, speed monitoring, multi-dimensional alarm, and remote viewing functions.
This design proposes a reverse radar system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time acquisition of the distance between the vehicle and obstacles through the HC-R04 ultrasonic module, triggering the CN-TTS voice module to remind and activate the sound and light alarm when the distance is less than the set minimum value; Monitor the reverse speed with the KY-003 speed detection module, and synchronize voice reminders and sound and light alarms when the speed exceeds the maximum value; The distance threshold, speed threshold, and speed control operation can be set through buttons; OLED display screen displays real-time distance, speed, and temperature data; Upload monitoring data to remote terminals through ESP8266 WiFi module, supporting remote viewing; The camera module collects real-time footage of the rear of the vehicle to assist the driver in observing the environment; DS18B20 temperature detection module obtains ambient temperature and provides temperature compensation for ultrasonic distance measurement; Simulate the wheel rotation state by driving a DC motor with MX1508 chip.
The function of this reverse radar system is to build an integrated reverse safety protection system of “monitoring warning assistance”. Provide timely risk warnings to drivers through precise distance and speed monitoring, as well as various forms of alarms; Remote viewing and camera images enhance environmental perception, effectively reducing the risk of blind spots in reversing and improving driving safety and convenience.
Keywords： microcontroller; Reversing radar system; Ultrasonic ranging; Speed monitoring; Safety Alert
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 超声波测距模块电路设计
3.4 速度检测模块电路设计
3.5 温度检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 语音模块电路设计
3.10 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
3.11 摄像头模块电路设计
3.12 电机驱动模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.7 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 超声波测距与温度补偿功能测试
5.3 速度检测与电机驱动功能测试
5.4 报警与语音提醒功能测试
5.5 显示与按键交互功能测试
5.6 远程监控与摄像头功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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