设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着电商行业的蓬勃发展，快递分拣的效率与准确性对物流行业的运营成本和服务质量具有重要影响。传统的人工分拣方式不仅依赖人工识别地址信息，存在分拣速度慢、错误率高的问题，还面临劳动强度大、难以适应高峰期分拣需求等挑战，难以满足现代化物流的高效化、自动化要求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能快递分拣系统，整合了 M100 (1D)-TTL 扫码枪、MX1508 直流电机驱动模块、SG90 舵机、红外避障管、HX722 称重模块、按键、OLED 显示屏及声光报警装置等，实现了快递的自动化识别、分类与计数管理。系统核心功能包括：通过扫码枪扫描快递信息，自动判断快递目的地（A/B 两地）并完成分类；借助 MX1508 驱动模块控制直流电机启动传送带，通过两个红外避障管检测货物是否到达 A/B 出货口，到达时控制对应舵机动作将货物推入目标出货口；通过两个 HX722 称重模块分别监测 A/B 两地的货物总重量，当重量超过预设最大值时触发声光报警，同时停止传送带，并记录 A/B 两地的装车次数；支持通过按键设置重量最大值，以及通过独立按键控制传送带的启停；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示 A/B 两地的快递总数量、装车次数及当前重量。
该系统的实现，有效提升了快递分拣的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，提高了分拣效率与准确性，为物流企业降低了人力成本，同时为同类智能分拣设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能快递分拣；自动识别；称重监测；OLED 显示；电机控制
ABSTRACT
With the vigorous development of the e-commerce industry, the efficiency and accuracy of express sorting have a significant impact on the operating costs and service quality of the logistics industry. The traditional manual sorting method not only relies on manual identification of address information, which has the problems of slow sorting speed and high error rate, but also faces challenges such as high labor intensity and difficulty in meeting the sorting needs during peak periods, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency and automation in modern logistics.
The intelligent express sorting system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates M100(1D)-TTL barcode scanner, MX1508 DC motor driver module, SG90 servo, infrared obstacle avoidance sensors, HX722 weighing modules, buttons, OLED display, and sound-light alarm device, etc., realizing automatic identification, classification and counting management of express items. The core functions of the system include: scanning express information through the barcode scanner to automatically determine the destination of the express (locations A/B) and complete the classification; controlling the DC motor to start the conveyor belt with the MX1508 driver module, detecting whether the goods reach the A/B outlets through two infrared obstacle avoidance sensors, and when they arrive, controlling the corresponding servo to push the goods into the target outlet; monitoring the total weight of goods at locations A and B respectively through two HX722 weighing modules, triggering sound-light alarm when the weight exceeds the preset maximum value, stopping the conveyor belt at the same time, and recording the number of loading times at locations A and B; supporting the setting of maximum weight through buttons, and controlling the start and stop of the conveyor belt through an independent button; displaying the total number of express items, loading times and weight at locations A and B in real time through the OLED display.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of express sorting, reduces manual intervention, enhances sorting efficiency and accuracy, lowers labor costs for logistics enterprises, and provides a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent sorting equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; intelligent express sorting; automatic identification; weighing monitoring; OLED display; motor control
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 条码识别模块选择（扫码枪）
2.1.3 输送模块选择
2.1.4 分拣执行模块选择
2.1.5 位置检测传感器选择
2.1.6 称重模块选择
2.1.7 报警模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.1.9 显示模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 条码识别模块电路（扫码枪）
3.3 输送模块电路
3.4 分拣执行模块电路
3.5 位置检测传感器电路
3.6 称重模块电路
3.7 报警模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 显示模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 舵机子流程设计
4.6 称重模块子流程设计
4.7 扫码枪模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 条码识别模块（扫码枪）功能测试
5.3 输送模块功能测试
5.4 位置检测与分拣执行模块功能测试
5.5 称重模块功能测试
5.6 按键与显示模块功能测试
5.7 报警模块功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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