设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着城市交通的日益繁忙，十字路口交通信号灯的合理控制对保障交通顺畅、减少拥堵和交通事故具有重要意义。传统的交通信号灯控制多采用固定配时方式，无法根据实时车流量进行调整，易导致交通资源浪费，且对特殊车辆通行和行人闯红灯等情况的应对不够灵活及时。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的十字路口交通信号灯智能控制系统，整合了四位两位数码管、前进 / 左转 / 右转指示灯、按键、4 对分离式红外对射管（车流量检测）、4 个红外对射管（行人检测）及蜂鸣器等设备，实现了交通信号灯的智能化控制。系统核心功能包括：对东西南北四个方向进行交通灯控制，每个方向通过两位数码管显示剩余时间，同步控制前进、左转、右转指示灯的亮灭；支持通过按键设置各方向的总通行时间；可通过按键控制某个方向信号灯常绿，以保障救火车、消防车等特殊车辆的通行；利用 4 对分离式红外对射管检测四个方向的车流量，据此自动调整绿灯时长，优化交通疏导；通过四个红外对射管检测行人是否闯红灯，若有闯红灯行为，蜂鸣器发出报警；当系统出现绿灯全亮或全灭的异常情况时，蜂鸣器鸣响提醒。
该系统的实现，有效提升了十字路口交通信号灯控制的灵活性与智能化水平，能动态适应车流量变化，及时应对特殊情况，保障行人安全，为城市交通管理提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类交通控制设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：十字路口；交通信号灯；智能控制系统；车流量检测；行人检测；红外对射管
ABSTRACT
With the increasing busyness of urban traffic, the reasonable control of traffic lights at intersections is of great significance for ensuring smooth traffic, reducing congestion and traffic accidents. The traditional traffic light control mostly adopts a fixed timing method, which cannot be adjusted according to real-time traffic flow, easily leading to the waste of traffic resources. Moreover, it is not flexible and timely enough in dealing with situations such as the passage of special vehicles and pedestrians running red lights.
The intelligent control system for crossroad traffic lights based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrates four two-digit nixie tubes, forward/left turn/right turn indicators, buttons, 4 pairs of split infrared correlation tubes (for traffic flow detection), 4 infrared correlation tubes (for pedestrian detection) and a buzzer, realizing the intelligent control of traffic lights. The core functions of the system include: controlling traffic lights in four directions (east, west, south and north), with each direction displaying the remaining time through a two-digit nixie tube and synchronously controlling the on-off of forward, left turn and right turn indicators; supporting the setting of the total passage time for each direction through buttons; enabling the green light of a certain direction to stay on through buttons to ensure the passage of special vehicles such as fire engines; using 4 pairs of split infrared correlation tubes to detect the traffic flow in four directions, and automatically adjusting the green light duration accordingly to optimize traffic guidance; detecting whether pedestrians run red lights through four infrared correlation tubes, and if so, the buzzer will give an alarm; when the system has an abnormal situation where all green lights are on or off, the buzzer will sound a reminder.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the flexibility and intelligence level of traffic light control at intersections, can dynamically adapt to changes in traffic flow, timely respond to special situations, ensure pedestrian safety, provide an efficient and reliable solution for urban traffic management, and also provide a reference for the research and development of similar traffic control equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:crossroad; traffic light; intelligent control system; traffic flow detection; pedestrian detection; infrared correlation tube
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 数码管显示模块选择
2.1.3 指示灯模块选择
2.1.4 按键模块选择
2.1.5 红外对射管模块选择
2.1.6 蜂鸣器模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 指示灯模块电路
3.3 数码管显示模块电路
3.4 按键模块电路
3.5 红外对射管模块电路
3.6 蜂鸣器模块电路
3.7 74HC595 芯片电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 数码管子流程设计
第五章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 指示灯模块功能测试
5.3 数码管显示模块功能测试
5.4 按键模块功能测试
5.5 红外对射管模块功能测试
5.6 蜂鸣器模块功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！