设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快和环保意识的增强，垃圾桶的智能化升级对提升环境卫生管理水平、方便居民生活具有重要意义。传统垃圾桶多为手动开合，存在接触污染风险，且无法及时反馈满溢状态和安全隐患，难以满足现代城市公共卫生管理的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能垃圾桶系统，整合了四个 MQ-2 烟雾检测模块、四个红外避障检测模块、语音识别模块 SU-03T、四对分离式红外检测模块、舵机、LED 指示灯、声光报警模块及 4G 模块 AIR780，实现了垃圾桶的自动化操作与智能管理。系统核心功能包括：通过四个 MQ-2 烟雾检测模块监测是否发生火灾，检测到烟雾时启动声光报警；利用四个红外避障检测模块感知人员靠近，自动控制对应垃圾桶的舵机开合；通过语音识别模块 SU-03T 接收语音指令，实现垃圾桶的开关控制；借助四对分离式红外检测模块判断垃圾桶是否溢出，溢出时对应垃圾桶的红灯亮起，未溢出则绿灯亮；通过 4G 模块将垃圾桶状态数据传输至手机端，实现远程监控。
该系统的实现，有效提升了垃圾桶的智能化与便捷性，减少了接触污染，及时预警安全隐患，为城市环境卫生管理提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类智能环卫设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能垃圾桶；烟雾检测；红外避障；语音识别；4G 通信
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the intelligent upgrading of trash bins is of great significance for improving the level of environmental sanitation management and facilitating residents’ lives. Traditional trash bins are mostly manually opened and closed, which pose a risk of contact pollution, and cannot timely feedback the overflow status and potential safety hazards, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern urban public health management.
The intelligent trash bin system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates four MQ-2 smoke detection modules, four infrared obstacle avoidance detection modules, a voice recognition module SU-03T, four pairs of separate infrared detection modules, a servo, LED indicators, an audible and visual alarm module, and a 4G module AIR780, realizing the automatic operation and intelligent management of the trash bin. The core functions of the system include: monitoring whether a fire occurs through four MQ-2 smoke detection modules, and activating the audible and visual alarm when smoke is detected; using four infrared obstacle avoidance detection modules to sense the approach of people and automatically control the opening and closing of the servo corresponding to the trash bin; receiving voice commands through the voice recognition module SU-03T to control the opening and closing of the trash bin; judging whether the trash bin overflows by means of four pairs of separate infrared detection modules, with the red light of the corresponding trash bin turning on when it overflows and the green light turning on when it is not full; transmitting the status data of the trash bin to the mobile phone terminal through the 4G module to realize remote monitoring.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the intelligence and convenience of the trash bin, reduced contact pollution, timely warned of potential safety hazards, provided an efficient and reliable solution for urban environmental sanitation management, and also offered a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent environmental sanitation equipment, thus having high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; intelligent trash bin; smoke detection; infrared obstacle avoidance; voice recognition; 4G communication
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 烟雾检测模块选择
2.1.3 红外避障模块选择
2.1.4 语音识别模块选择
2.1.5 满溢检测模块选择
2.1.6 执行机构选择
2.1.7 通信模块选择
2.1.8 报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 烟雾检测模块电路
3.3 红外避障检测模块电路
3.4 语音识别模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 舵机子流程设计
4.4 语言识别模块子流程设计
4.5 4G模块联网子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 二氧化碳传感器功能测试
5.3 光照检测模块功能测试
5.4 ZTS-300Z 多参数检测模块功能测试
5.5 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.6 执行设备功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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