设计说明书
总字数：23000+
随着高校学生宿舍规模的不断扩大，传统宿舍管理方式已难以满足现代化、智能化的需求。近年来，火灾、违规电器使用等问题频发，给学生的人身安全和财产安全带来严重威胁。因此，设计一种基于STM32的智能宿舍安防系统显得尤为重要。该系统通过集成多种传感器模块，实现了对宿舍环境的实时监测与智能化管理，有效提升了宿舍的安全性和管理效率。
本系统以STM32微控制器为核心，具备多种功能。首先，通过电压电流监测模块实时获取宿舍当前功率，并在功率超过预设最大值时自动断电，有效防止因违规使用大功率电器引发的安全隐患。其次，利用烟雾检测模块监测环境烟雾浓度，一旦检测到烟雾值超标，立即启动声光报警装置，提醒人员及时疏散。此外，系统还通过分离式红外对射管实现对进出宿舍人数的精准统计，为宿舍管理提供数据支持。时钟模块的加入则实现了定时关灯功能，可根据预设时间自动关闭宿舍照明，节约能源。RFID刷卡开锁功能为学生提供了便捷的门禁管理方式，且门锁在5秒后自动关闭，确保宿舍安全。系统还配备按键模块，方便用户手动设置功率阈值、烟雾阈值、定时关灯时间，以及手动开锁、开灯。同时，通过显示模块实时显示测量数据，让用户随时掌握宿舍状态。此外，借助WiFi模块，系统可将检测数据传输至手机端，用户可通过手机远程控制门锁和照明，进一步提升了系统的便捷性和实用性。
该智能宿舍安防系统的设计与实现，有效解决了传统宿舍管理中存在的安全隐患和管理不便等问题。通过智能化的监测与控制功能，系统不仅提升了宿舍的安全性，还为学生提供了便捷的使用体验，同时为宿舍管理人员提供了高效、精准的管理工具，具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。
关键词：宿舍管理；STM32；监测；WiFi
With the continuous expansion of college student dormitory scale, the traditional dormitory management mode has been difficult to meet the needs of modernization and intelligence. In recent years, fire, illegal use of electrical appliances and other problems occur frequently, bringing serious threats to students’ personal safety and property safety. Therefore, it is particularly important to design an intelligent dormitory security system based on STM 32. By integrating a variety of sensor modules, the system realizes the real-time monitoring and intelligent management of the dormitory environment, and effectively improves the security and management efficiency of the dormitory.
The system takes STM 32 microcontroller as the core and has various functions. First of all, the current power of the dormitory is obtained in real time through the voltage and current monitoring module, and the power is automatically cut off when the power exceeds the preset maximum value, so as to effectively prevent the safety risks caused by the illegal use of high-power electrical appliances. Secondly, the smoke detection module is used to monitor the environmental smoke concentration. Once the smoke value is detected to exceed the standard, immediately start the sound and light alarm device to remind the personnel to evacuate in time. In addition, the system also realizes the accurate statistics of the number of people in and out of the dormitory through the separated infrared shooting tube, providing data support for the dormitory management. The addition of the clock module realizes the function of regularly turning off the lights, which can automatically turn off the dormitory lighting according to the preset time, saving energy. RFID card unlocking function provides students with convenient access control management, and the door lock is automatically closed after 5 seconds to ensure the safety of the dormitory. The system is also equipped with a key module, which facilitates users to manually set the power threshold, smoke threshold, timing the light off time, and manually unlock and turn on the light. At the same time, the display module displays the measurement data in real time, so that users can grasp the dormitory status at any time. In addition, with the help of WiFi module, the system can transmit the detection data to the mobile phone terminal, and users can remotely control the door lock and lighting through the mobile phone, which further improves the convenience and practicality of the system.
The design and implementation of the intelligent dormitory security system effectively solves the problems of hidden danger and inconvenient management in the traditional dormitory management. Through the intelligent monitoring and control function, the system not only improves the security of the dormitory, but also provides students with convenient use experience, and provides efficient and accurate management tools for the dormitory management personnel, which has broad application prospects and promotion value.
Key words：Residence room management; STM 32; monitoring; WiFi
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
第1章 绪论
1.1 课题研究的背景及意义
1.2 国内外智能宿舍管理的研究现状和发展趋势
1.2.1 智能宿舍管理技术存在的主要问题
1.2.2 芯片智能宿舍管理研究的意义
1.3 智能宿舍管理系统简介
1.4 研究内容
第2章 系统总体模块选型
2.1. STM32单片机模块
2.2. 电压电流监测模块
2.3. 烟雾检测模块
2.4. 人员计数模块
2.5. 时钟模块
2.6. 门禁模块
2.7. 通信模块
2.8. 显示模块
第三章 系统模块电路设计
3.1 STM32F103C8T6单片机电路设计
3.2 复位电路
3.3 晶振电路
3.4 INA219电流功率检测电路设计
3.5 MQ-2烟雾检测电路设计
3.6 DS1302时钟电路设计
3.7 RFID-RC522电路设计
3.8 HWFS-HWJS分离式红外对射管电路设计
3.9 ESP8266无线通信WIFI电路设计
3.10 SRD-05VDC-SL-C继电器电路设计
3.11 OLED显示电路设计
3.12 按键电路设计
3.13 声光报警电路设计
第四章 系统流程设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 RFID模块子流程设计
4.8 时钟模块子流程设计
第五章 系统测试
5.1 测试准备
5.2 测试步骤
5.3 测试结果分析
第6章 总结与展望
参考文献
致 谢
附 录
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