设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快和居民安全意识的提升，家庭安防的可靠性与智能化对保障居住安全、提升生活品质具有重要意义。传统的家庭安防方式依赖人工巡检或单一门禁，存在预警滞后、防护范围有限、操作繁琐等问题，难以满足现代家庭对全方位安全防护的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能家居安防系统，整合了光电传感器、MQ-2 烟雾传感器、指纹识别模块、按键、OLED 显示屏、声光报警装置及短信模块，实现了家庭安全状态的实时监测与智能预警。系统核心功能包括：通过光电传感器监测翻窗行为，触发声光报警并发送短信；借助 MQ-2 传感器检测烟雾浓度，超过预设阈值时启动报警与短信通知；通过指纹模块实现门锁控制，验证通过后自动开锁（5 秒后关闭），连续 3 次验证失败则触发报警；支持按键设置烟雾浓度阈值及指纹的添加 / 删除；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示烟雾浓度、报警状态及指纹操作提示；异常情况（翻窗、烟雾超标、指纹验证失败）均同步发送短信至预设手机号。
该系统的实现，有效提升了家庭安防的实时性与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，确保了安全预警的及时与精准，为家庭安全防护提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类安防设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能家居；安防系统；传感器；指纹识别；短信报警
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of residents’ safety awareness, the reliability and intelligence of home security are of great significance for ensuring living safety and improving the quality of life. Traditional home security methods rely on manual inspections or single access control, which have problems such as delayed early warning, limited protection range, and cumbersome operation, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern families for all-round safety protection.
The smart home security system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates photoelectric sensors, MQ-2 smoke sensors, fingerprint recognition modules, buttons, OLED displays, sound and light alarm devices, and SMS modules, realizing real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning of home security status. The core functions of the system include: monitoring window-climbing behavior through photoelectric sensors, triggering sound and light alarms and sending SMS; detecting smoke concentration with MQ-2 sensors, starting alarms and SMS notifications when exceeding the preset threshold; realizing door lock control through the fingerprint module, automatically unlocking after successful verification (closing after 5 seconds), and triggering an alarm after 3 consecutive failed verifications; supporting buttons to set smoke concentration thresholds and add/delete fingerprints; real-time display of smoke concentration, alarm status and fingerprint operation prompts through the OLED display; abnormal situations (window climbing, excessive smoke, 3 failed fingerprint verifications) are all.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the real-time and intelligent level of home security, reduced manual intervention, ensured timely and accurate safety early warning, provided an efficient and reliable solution for home security protection, and also provided a reference for the research and development of similar security equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; smart home; security system; sensor; fingerprint recognition; SMS alarm
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 光电传感器选择
2.1.3 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.4 指纹模块选择
2.1.5 4G 通信模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 声光报警装置选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 光电传感器电路
3.3 烟雾传感器电路
3.4 指纹模块电路
3.5 4G 通信模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 声光报警与门锁电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 发送短信子流程设计
4.6 指纹模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 光电传感器功能测试
5.3 烟雾传感器功能测试
5.4 指纹模块功能测试
5.5 4G 模块短信报警功能测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.7 声光报警与门锁联动测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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