设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着农业现代化进程的加快，精准灌溉与科学施肥对提高作物产量、节约水资源和肥料具有重要意义。传统的灌溉施肥方式依赖人工经验判断，存在水资源浪费、肥料利用率低、灌溉施肥不均匀等问题，难以满足集约化、精细化农业生产的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的水肥一体化灌溉系统，整合了 YL69 土壤湿度检测模块、DHT11 环境温湿度传感器、ZTS-3002 氮磷钾模块、ECB02 蓝牙模块、OLED 显示屏、按键及执行设备（灌溉水泵、肥水水泵），实现了土壤墒情与养分的自动化监测及智能灌溉施肥控制。系统核心功能包括：通过 YL69 检测土壤湿度，低于阈值时启动灌溉水泵进行加水灌溉；借助 ZTS-3002 检测土壤氮磷钾含量，含量较低时控制肥水水泵抽取水肥进行灌溉；通过 DHT11 监测环境湿度，为灌溉策略提供参考；支持通过按键设置湿度和养分阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示土壤湿度、氮磷钾含量等监测数据及设备状态；利用 ECB02 蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，手机可远程控制肥水水泵和灌溉水泵的开关。
该系统的实现，有效提升了灌溉施肥的精准性与自动化水平，减少了人工干预，提高了水资源和肥料的利用率，为农业生产提供了高效、节能的解决方案，同时为同类水肥一体化设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；水肥一体化；灌溉系统；传感器；智能控制；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, precise irrigation and scientific fertilization are of great significance for increasing crop yield and improving agricultural product quality. Traditional manual management methods rely on empirical judgment, have delayed responses, and suffer from problems such as high labor intensity and inconsistent parameter control, which are difficult to meet the needs of intensive and intelligent agricultural production.
The water-fertilizer integration irrigation system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates YL69 soil moisture detection module, DHT11 environmental temperature and humidity sensor, ZTS-3002 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium module, ECB02 Bluetooth module, OLED display, buttons and executive devices (irrigation water pump, fertilizer water pump), realizing automatic monitoring of soil moisture and nutrients and intelligent irrigation and fertilization control. The core functions of the system include: detecting soil moisture through YL69, starting the irrigation water pump for water irrigation when it is lower than the threshold; detecting soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content through ZTS-3002, controlling the fertilizer water pump to extract water and fertilizer for irrigation when the content is low; monitoring environmental humidity through DHT11 to provide reference for irrigation strategies; supporting the setting of humidity and nutrient thresholds through buttons; real-time display of soil moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and other monitoring data and equipment status through OLED display; transmitting data to the mobile phone through ECB02 Bluetooth module, and the mobile phone can remotely control the on-off of fertilizer water pump and irrigation water pump.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the accuracy and automation level of irrigation and fertilization, reduced manual intervention, improved the utilization rate of water resources and fertilizers, provided an efficient and energy-saving solution for agricultural production, and also provided a reference for the research and development of similar water-fertilizer integration equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; water-fertilizer integration; irrigation system; sensor; intelligent control; Bluetooth communication
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 土壤湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 环境温湿度传感器选择
2.1.4 氮磷钾检测模块选择
2.1.5 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 水泵驱动模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 土壤湿度检测模块电路
3.3 DHT11 环境温湿度传感器电路
3.4 ZTS-3002 氮磷钾检测模块电路
3.5 OLED 显示模块电路
3.6 ECB02 蓝牙模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 水泵驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 土壤湿度检测模块功能测试
5.3 环境温湿度传感器功能测试
5.4 氮磷钾模块功能测试
5.5 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.6 执行设备功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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