设计说明书
总字数：23000+
摘要
随着观赏鱼养殖的精细化发展，鱼缸环境的稳定与精准管理对保障鱼类健康、提升养殖体验具有关键作用。传统的人工管理模式依赖经验操作，存在监测不及时、调控滞后、劳动投入大等问题，难以满足现代化智能养殖的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能鱼缸设计，整合了 DS18B20 防水式温度检测模块、YW-J 水位监测模块、TDS 水质检测模块、DS1302 时钟模块、按键、OLED 显示屏、ECB02 蓝牙模块及执行设备（加热装置、降温装置、加水设备、换水设备、投喂装置、充氧设备、声光报警装置等），实现了鱼缸环境的自动化监测与智能调控。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 实时监测水温，水温低于设定最小值时启动加热装置，高于设定最大值时启动降温装置，温度异常时触发声光报警；通过 YW-J 监测水位，水位低于最小值时自动启动加水设备，直至水位达到设定最大值，水位异常时进行声光报警；借助 DS1302 时钟模块获取时间，支持通过按键设置定时投喂和定时充氧时段，到时自动执行相应操作；通过 TDS 模块检测水质，当水质数值高于设定最大值时，自动启动换水流程（先抽水至低于设定最小值，再加水至设定最大值），水质异常时触发声光报警；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值，以及手动控制加热、降温、加水、换水、投喂、充氧等设备及模式切换；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据（水温、水位、水质、时间等）及设备运行状态；利用 ECB02 蓝牙模块将数据同步至手机端，实现远程监测，同时可在手机端远程控制加热、降温、加水、换水、投喂、充氧等设备，数据异常时还能向手机端发送提示信息。
该系统的实现，有效提升了鱼缸管理的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，确保了鱼缸环境参数的稳定与精准，为观赏鱼养殖提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类水族环境测控设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能鱼缸；环境测控；传感器；蓝牙通信；自动调控
ABSTRACT
With the refined development of ornamental fish farming, the stability and precise management of the fish tank environment play a crucial role in ensuring fish health and enhancing the farming experience. The traditional manual management mode relies on experience-based operation and has problems such as untimely monitoring, lagging regulation and control, and high labor input, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern intelligent breeding.
The design of Intelligent Fish Tank Based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip Microcomputer It integrates the DS18B20 waterproof temperature detection module, YW-J water level monitoring module, TDS water quality detection module, DS1302 clock module, buttons, OLED display, and ECB02 The Bluetooth module and the actuating devices (heating device, cooling device, water addition device, water replacement device, feeding device, oxygenation device, sound and light alarm device, etc.) have realized the automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation of the fish tank environment. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of water temperature through DS18B20. When the water temperature is lower than the set minimum value, the heating device is activated; when it is higher than the set maximum value, the cooling device is activated; and when the temperature is abnormal, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. The water level is monitored by YW-J. When the water level is lower than the minimum value, the water filling equipment is automatically started until the water level reaches the set maximum value. When the water level is abnormal, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. The DS1302 clock module is used to obtain the time. It supports setting the timed feeding and timed oxygenation periods through the keys. When the time comes, the corresponding operations will be automatically executed. The water quality is detected through the TDS module. When the water quality value is higher than the set maximum value, the water replacement process is automatically initiated (first pumping water to a level lower than the set minimum value, and then adding water to the set maximum value). When the water quality is abnormal, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. Supports setting the thresholds of various parameters through buttons, as well as manual control of heating, cooling, water addition, water replacement, feeding, oxygenation and other equipment and mode switching. The OLED display screen shows in real time all monitoring data (water temperature, water level, water quality, time, etc.) and the operating status of the equipment. The ECB02 Bluetooth module is used to synchronize data to the mobile phone end, enabling remote monitoring. Meanwhile, heating, cooling, water addition, water replacement, feeding, oxygenation and other equipment can be remotely controlled from the mobile phone end. When the data is abnormal, prompt messages can also be sent to the mobile phone end.
The implementation of this system has effectively enhanced the automation and intelligence level of fish tank management, reduced manual intervention, ensured the stability and accuracy of fish tank environmental parameters, provided an efficient and reliable solution for ornamental fish farming, and at the same time offered a reference for the research and development of similar aquarium environmental measurement and control equipment, thus having high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6 Smart fish tank Environmental measurement and control Sensor; Bluetooth communication Automatic regulation
目 录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度检测模块选择
2.1.3 水位监测模块选择
2.1.4 时钟模块选择
2.1.5 水质检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度检测电路
3.3 水位监测电路
3.4 时钟模块电路
3.5 水质检测电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 蓝牙模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
4.7 温湿度检测模块子流程
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温度检测模块功能测试
5.3 水位监测模块功能测试
5.4 水质检测模块功能测试
5.5 时钟与定时功能测试
5.6 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.7 执行设备功能测试
5.8 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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