设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着农业现代化进程的加快和精准农业理念的普及，高效、智能的大棚灌溉方式成为提升作物产量与品质的关键。传统大棚灌溉多依赖人工经验，缺乏对环境和土壤参数的精准感知，易导致灌溉过量或不足，不仅浪费水资源，还可能影响作物生长，难以满足精细化种植需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能农业大棚灌溉系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、土壤环境监测模块、水位监测模块、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、OLED 显示屏、按键及继电器等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过 DHT11 实时监测环境温湿度，超限时启动通风设备；借助土壤环境监测模块检测土壤温度、水分及 PH 值，水分不足时自动灌溉，PH 值异常时添加中和液；利用水位监测模块掌握水箱水位，低于阈值时自动补水；通过 SGP30 监测二氧化碳浓度，超标时启动通风并触发声光报警；OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值。
该系统的实现，有效提升了大棚灌溉的智能化与精准化水平，为作物生长提供了适宜的环境条件，同时节约了水资源，为农业可持续发展提供了有力支持，也为同类智能灌溉设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能农业大棚；灌溉系统；环境监测；自动调控
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of agricultural modernization and the popularization of precision agriculture concepts, efficient and intelligent greenhouse irrigation methods have become key to improving crop yield and quality. Traditional greenhouse irrigation relies heavily on manual experience, lacking precise perception of environmental and soil parameters, which easily leads to over-irrigation or under-irrigation. This not only wastes water resources but may also affect crop growth, making it difficult to meet the needs of refined cultivation.
The intelligent agricultural greenhouse irrigation system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates hardware such as DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, soil environment monitoring modules, water level monitoring modules, SGP30 carbon dioxide sensors, OLED displays, buttons, and relays, realizing several core functions: real-time monitoring of environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11, activating ventilation equipment when exceeding limits; detecting soil temperature, moisture, and PH value through the soil environment monitoring module, automatically irrigating when soil moisture is insufficient, and adding neutralizing fluid when PH value is abnormal; using the water level monitoring module to grasp the water level of the water tank, automatically replenishing water when below the threshold; monitoring carbon dioxide concentration through SGP30, starting ventilation and triggering sound and light alarms when exceeding the standard; the OLED display shows all monitoring data in real-time; supporting the setting of various parameter thresholds through buttons.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the intelligence and precision of greenhouse irrigation, provides suitable environmental conditions for crop growth, saves water resources, supports agricultural sustainable development, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent irrigation equipment, with high practical value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent agricultural greenhouse; Irrigation system; Environmental monitoring; Automatic regulation
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 土壤环境监测模块选择
2.1.4 二氧化碳传感器选择
2.1.5 水位监测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 水位监测辅助模块选择（继电器）
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 DHT11 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 ZTS-3002土壤多参数监测模块电路
3.4 YW-J 水位监测模块电路
3.5 SGP30 二氧化碳传感器电路
3.6 OLED 显示模块电路
3.7 继电器驱动电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 声光报警电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
第 5 章 仿真测试
5.1 整体仿真测试
5.2 DHT11 温湿度传感器与通风功能测试
5.3土壤多参数模块与灌溉功能测试
5.4 YW-J 水位监测与补水功能测试
5.5 SGP30 二氧化碳传感器与报警功能测试
5.6 OLED 显示与按键设置功能测试
第 6 章 实物测试
6.1 整体实物测试
6.2 DHT11 温湿度传感器与通风功能测试
6.3 土壤多参数模块与灌溉功能测试
6.4 YW-J 水位监测与补水功能测试
6.5 SGP30 二氧化碳传感器与报警功能测试
6.6 OLED 显示与按键设置功能测试
第 7 章 总结与展望
7.1 总结
7.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！