设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着精准农业的深入发展，对农作物生长环境的实时监测与智能调控成为提高种植效率和作物品质的关键。传统农作物管理多依赖人工巡检，存在监测滞后、灌溉时机把控不准等问题，不仅浪费水资源，还可能影响作物生长，难以满足现代化种植需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的农作物监控系统，整合了土壤环境监测模块、光照检测模块、ESP8266 WiFi 模块、OLED 显示屏、按键及声光报警装置等硬件，实现了多项核心功能：通过土壤环境监测模块检测土壤温度、水分、PH 值，水分低于阈值时触发报警并在特定条件下自动灌溉；借助光照检测模块监测环境光照强度；通过联网获取时间和天气信息；支持按键设置土壤湿度阈值、灌溉时间及控制灌溉开关；OLED 显示屏实时显示各项数据；WiFi 模块将数据传输至手机端，实现远程监测、阈值设置及灌溉控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了农作物管理的自动化与智能化水平，确保灌溉精准及时，减少资源浪费，为作物生长提供适宜环境，同时为同类监控系统的研发提供参考，具有较高的实用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；农作物监控；土壤监测；智能灌溉；WiFi 传输
ABSTRACT
With the in-depth development of precision agriculture, real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation of crop growth environments have become key to improving planting efficiency and crop quality. Traditional crop management relies heavily on manual inspections, suffering from delayed monitoring and inaccurate irrigation timing, which not only wastes water resources but may also affect crop growth, failing to meet the needs of modern planting.
The crop monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates hardware such as a soil environment monitoring module, light detection module, ESP8266 WiFi module, OLED display, buttons, and sound-light alarm devices, achieving multiple core functions: detecting soil temperature, moisture, and PH value through the soil environment monitoring module, triggering an alarm when moisture is below the threshold and automatically irrigating under specific conditions; monitoring ambient light intensity with the light detection module; obtaining time and weather information through networking; supporting button settings for soil moisture thresholds, irrigation time, and irrigation switch control; real-time display of various data on the OLED screen; transmitting data to the mobile phone via the WiFi module to realize remote monitoring, threshold setting, and irrigation control.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of crop management, ensures accurate and timely irrigation, reduces resource waste, provides a suitable environment for crop growth, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar monitoring systems, with high practical value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Crop monitoring; Soil monitoring; Intelligent irrigation; WiFi transmission
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 土壤环境监测模块选择
2.1.3 光照检测模块选择
2.1.4 WiFi 模块选择
2.1.5 按键模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 土壤多参数检测模块电路
3.3 光照检测模块电路
3.4 ESP8266 WiFi 模块电路
3.5 OLED 显示模块电路
3.6 按键模块电路
3.7 声光报警模块电路
3.8 灌溉执行电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 土壤环境检测模块子流程设计
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 土壤多参数检测模块功能测试
5.3 光照检测模块功能测试
5.4 ESP8266 WiFi 模块功能测试
5.5 声光报警模块功能测试
5.6 灌溉执行功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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