设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘 要
随着城市停车需求的不断增长，车位管理的智能化成为解决停车难题的重要途径。传统的车位锁功能单一，无法满足现代停车场对高效管理和便捷使用的双重需求。基于STM32的多功能车位锁系统应运而生，通过集成多种智能技术，实现了车位的自动化管理和控制，提升了停车场的运营效率和用户体验。
本系统通过RFID刷卡和蓝牙模块实现电磁锁的远程控制，用户可以通过手机或RFID卡轻松打开车位锁。红外避障模块用于检测车位状态，若30秒内无车辆进入，则自动关闭电磁锁，车辆驶出后10秒自动关闭。系统还支持通过按键添加或删除RFID卡，并通过OLED显示屏显示操作结果。此外，系统在环境较暗时能够自动检测光照并开启照明，进一步提升用户体验。
本系统采用MFRC522 RFID读卡器模块，支持13.56MHz频率的非接触式IC卡读写，识别速度快，稳定性高。蓝牙模块选用HC-05，支持SPP蓝牙串口协议，实现与手机APP的无线通信，控制距离可达10米。红外避障模块采用E18-D80NK，检测距离可达3-80cm，灵敏度高，反应迅速。电磁锁选用12V直流供电的磁力锁，锁体结实耐用，吸力强劲。OLED显示屏为0.96英寸，分辨率为128×64，显示清晰，色彩鲜艳。光照传感器选用光敏电阻，能够根据实际环境光线自动调节LED照明亮度，节能环保。以上传感器和模块的详细参数和选型依据，将在后续章节中详细阐述。
关键词：STM32；车位管理；RFID；蓝牙
ABSTRACT
With the increasing demand of urban parking, the intelligent parking management has become an important way to solve the parking problem. The traditional parking lock has a single function and cannot meet the dual needs of modern parking lot for efficient management and convenient use. The multi-functional parking lock system based on STM 32 emerged at the historic moment. Through the integration of various intelligent technologies, the automatic management and control of the parking space are realized, and the operation efficiency and user experience of the parking lot are improved.
The system realizes the remote control of the electromagnetic lock through RFID card swiping and Bluetooth module, and users can easily open the parking lock through their mobile phone or RFID card. The infrared obstacle avoidance module is used to detect the state of the parking space. If no vehicle enters within 30 seconds, the electromagnetic lock will be automatically closed, and the vehicle will be automatically closed within 10 seconds after leaving. The system also supports adding or deleting RFID cards by pressing the button, and displaying the operation results through the OLED display. In addition, the system can automatically detect and turn on the lighting when the environment is dark, further improving the user experience.
This system uses a MFRC522 RFID card reader module, supporting contactless IC card reading and writing at 13.56MHz frequency, with fast recognition speed and high stability. The Bluetooth module is the HC-05, which supports the SPP Bluetooth serial protocol to achieve wireless communication with mobile APPs, with a control distance of up to 10 meters. The infrared obstacle avoidance module uses the E18-D80NK, with a detection range of 3-80 cm, high sensitivity, and quick response. The electromagnetic lock is a 12V DC-powered magnetic lock, sturdy and durable, with strong suction force. The OLED display has a resolution of 128×64, with clear and vivid colors. The light sensor uses a photodiode, capable of automatically adjusting the LED lighting brightness according to the actual ambient light, saving energy and protecting the environment. Detailed parameters and selection criteria for the above sensors and modules will be elaborated in subsequent chapters.
Keywords：STM 32; Parking management; RFID; Bluetooth
目 录
第一章 概述
1.1 课题背景及研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国内的研究现状
1.2.2 国外的研究现状
1.3 本文主要内容及章节安排
第二章 多功能车位锁系统方案设计
2.1 多功能车位锁系统的功能要求
2.2 多功能车位锁系统的总体结构设计
2.2.1 系统框图
2.3.2 技术路线设计
2.3 编程软件介绍
第三章 硬件设计与实现
3.1 器件模块
3.1.1核心控制器
3.1.2 电源管理
3.2 硬件控制电路板详细设计
3.2.1 主控芯片电路设计
3.2.2 电源电路与5V转3.3V
3.2.3 RFID-RC522模块
3.2.4 BZ红外避障管模块
3.2.5 5516光照检测模块
3.2.6 ECB02蓝牙模块
3.2.7 OLED显示模块
3.2.8 SRD-05VDC-SL-C继电器模块
3.3 完整原理图
3.4 PCB图
第四章 控制程序设计
4.1 控制程序整体规划
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 RFID模块子流程设计
4.8手机端蓝牙
第五章 系统测试及结果分析
5.1 组装完成的硬件系统
5.2 功能测试
参考文献
附 录
致 谢
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