设计说明书
总字数：12000+
摘要
随着生鲜电商和医药冷链的快速发展，冷链物流环节的环境稳定性对货品质量至关重要。传统的冷链监控依赖人工巡检和纸质记录，存在温湿度监测滞后、车辆位置追踪不及时、异常情况响应缓慢等问题，难以满足高价值货品的全程溯源需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的冷链物流车辆远程监控系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、GPS + 北斗双模定位模块、AIR780 4G 模块、按键、OLED 显示屏及报警装置，实现了冷链车辆的环境监测、位置追踪与远程管控。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时采集车厢内温湿度，当温度超出 2℃-8℃范围或湿度高于 60% 时，触发声光报警；借助 GPS + 北斗双模定位模块获取车辆实时位置（精度≤5 米），记录行驶轨迹；通过 4G 模块将温湿度数据、位置信息及报警状态上传至阿里云平台，再同步至监护人员手机端；支持通过按键设置温湿度阈值、查看历史数据；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示当前温湿度、经纬度、时间及设备状态。
该系统的实现，有效提升了冷链物流的可视化与智能化管理水平，实现了货品运输全程的动态监测与异常预警，减少了货品损耗，为冷链物流的高效运营提供了可靠保障，同时为同类远程监控设备的研发提供了技术参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；冷链物流；远程监控；定位追踪；温湿度监测；4G 通信
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of fresh food e-commerce and pharmaceutical cold chains, the environmental stability during cold chain logistics is crucial to the quality of goods. Traditional cold chain monitoring relies on manual inspections and paper records, which has problems such as delayed temperature and humidity monitoring, untimely vehicle location tracking, and slow response to abnormal situations, making it difficult to meet the full traceability needs of high-value goods.
The cold chain logistics vehicle remote monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, GPS + Beidou dual-mode positioning module, AIR780 4G module, buttons, OLED display and alarm device, realizing environmental monitoring, location tracking and remote management of cold chain vehicles. The core functions of the system include: real-time collection of temperature and humidity in the carriage through DHT11, triggering sound and light alarms when the temperature exceeds the range of 2℃-8℃ or the humidity is higher than 60%; obtaining the real-time position of the vehicle (accuracy ≤5 meters) with the help of GPS + Beidou dual-mode positioning module, and recording the driving trajectory; uploading temperature and humidity data, position information and alarm status to Alibaba Cloud platform through 4G module, and then synchronizing to the mobile phone of the supervisor; supporting setting temperature and humidity thresholds and viewing historical data through buttons; real-time display of current temperature and humidity, latitude and longitude, time and device status through OLED display.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the visualization and intelligent management level of cold chain logistics, realizes dynamic monitoring and abnormal early warning during the whole process of goods transportation, reduces goods loss, provides a reliable guarantee for the efficient operation of cold chain logistics, and at the same time provides technical reference for the research and development of similar remote monitoring equipment, which has high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; cold chain logistics; remote monitoring; positioning and tracking; temperature and humidity monitoring; 4G communication
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 定位模块选择
2.1.4 4G 通信模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 GPS + 北斗双模定位模块电路
3.4 4G 模块电路
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.4 4G模块联网子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 GPS + 北斗双模定位模块功能测试
5.4 4G 模块功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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