设计说明书
总字数：23000+
摘要
随着农业现代化进程的加快，大棚作物种植对环境的精准调控要求日益提高，稳定适宜的生长环境是保障作物产量与品质的关键。传统的大棚管理依赖人工观察和手动操作，存在环境参数监测不及时、调控精度低、人力成本高等问题，难以适应规模化种植的高效管理需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的大棚环境测控系统（项目编号：mcuclub-dz-791），整合了 DS18B20 温度传感器、YL-69 土壤湿度检测模块、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、5516 光敏检测模块、DS1302 时钟模块、OLED 显示屏、按键、ESP8266 WiFi 模块及声光报警装置等，实现了大棚环境多参数的自动化监测与智能调控。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 检测环境温度，超出上下限值时启动加热或制冷设备，并触发声光报警；借助 YL-69 模块监测土壤湿度，低于设定值时控制水泵加水，同时报警；利用 SGP30 传感器检测 CO₂浓度，高于设置值时启动风扇通风，伴随报警；通过 5516 模块测量光照强度，低于设置值时自动调节补光亮度，且报警；依托 DS1302 时钟模块获取时间，实现定时施肥；支持通过按键设置各参数上下限值，手动控制加热制冷、水泵、风扇、补光灯的颜色和亮度、施肥及切换模式；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；通过 WiFi 模块将数据发送至手机端，实现远程监测与参数设置、设备控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了大棚环境监测的实时性与调控的精准性，降低了人工管理成本与劳动强度，为作物生长提供了稳定适宜的环境，同时为同类农业环境测控系统的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；大棚环境测控；多参数监测；智能调控；WiFi 通信
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, the precise regulation of the greenhouse crop growing environment is increasingly demanding. A stable and suitable growth environment is crucial to ensuring crop yield and quality. Traditional greenhouse management relies on manual observation and manual operation, which has problems such as untimely monitoring of environmental parameters, low regulation accuracy, and high labor costs, making it difficult to meet the efficient management needs of large-scale cultivation.
The greenhouse environment monitoring and control system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller (project number: mcuclub-dz-791) integrates DS18B20 temperature sensor, YL-69 soil moisture detection module, SGP30 carbon dioxide sensor, 5516 photosensitive detection module, DS1302 clock module, OLED display, buttons, ESP8266 WiFi module and sound and light alarm device, etc., realizing the automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation of multiple parameters in the greenhouse environment. The core functions of the system include: detecting the ambient temperature through DS18B20, starting heating or cooling equipment when exceeding the upper and lower limits, and triggering an audible and visual alarm; monitoring soil moisture with the help of YL-69 module, controlling the water pump to add water when it is lower than the set value, and alarming at the same time; using SGP30 sensor to detect CO₂ concentration, starting the fan for ventilation when it is higher than the set value, accompanied by an alarm; measuring the light intensity through 5516 module, automatically adjusting the fill light brightness when it is lower than the set value, and alarming; relying on DS1302 clock module to obtain time to realize 定时 fertilization; supporting setting the upper and lower limits of each parameter through buttons, manually controlling heating and cooling, water pump, fan, color and brightness of fill light, fertilization and mode switching; real-time display of various monitoring data through OLED display; sending data to the mobile phone through WiFi module to realize remote monitoring, parameter setting and equipment control.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the real-time performance of greenhouse environment monitoring and the accuracy of regulation, reduced manual management costs and labor intensity, provided a stable and suitable environment for crop growth, and provided a reference for the research and development of similar agricultural environment monitoring and control systems, which has high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Control; Multi-parameter Monitoring; Intelligent Regulation; WiFi Communication.
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度传感器选择
2.1.3 土壤湿度传感器选择
2.1.4 CO₂传感器选择
2.1.5 光照传感器选择
2.1.6 时钟模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 无线模块选择
2.1.9 按键模块选择
2.1.10 声光报警装置选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度传感器电路
3.3 土壤湿度传感器电路
3.4 CO₂传感器电路
3.5 光照传感器电路
3.6 时钟模块电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 WiFi 模块电路
3.10 继电器驱动电路
3.11 补光与报警电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 时钟模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温度传感器功能测试
5.3 土壤湿度传感器功能测试
5.4 CO₂传感器功能测试
5.5 光照传感器与补光功能测试
5.6 时钟与施肥功能测试
5.7 按键与显示功能测试
5.8 WiFi 模块功能测试
5.9 继电器与补光联动测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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