设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着新能源产业的快速发展，光伏系统的高效充电对提升能源利用率、延长设备续航具有重要意义。传统的光伏充电方式缺乏最大功率点跟踪功能，充电效率低，且对电池的保护措施不足，易导致电池过充、过热损坏，难以满足光伏系统的稳定运行需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的 MPPT 光伏控制器，整合了 MPPT 模块、INA219 电压电流检测模块、DS18B20 温度传感器、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏及声光报警模块等，实现了光伏充电的高效控制与电池保护。系统核心功能包括：通过 MPPT 模块将 12V 太阳能板输入的电能进行最大功率点跟踪处理，为锂电池充电，锂电池输出为系统供电；借助 INA219 模块检测锂电池的电压、电流和功率，当任意一项超过设置最大值时，进行 3 秒声光报警并断开放电，1 分钟后自动恢复放电，也可通过按键提前恢复；利用 DS18B20 测量温度，当温度超过设置最大值时，触发声光报警并断开放电；支持通过 3 个独立按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示测量数据。
该系统的实现，有效提升了光伏充电的效率，增强了对锂电池的保护，为光伏系统的稳定运行提供了可靠保障，同时为同类光伏控制设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；MPPT；光伏控制器；锂电池保护；传感器
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the new energy industry, efficient charging of photovoltaic systems is of great significance for improving energy utilization and extending equipment battery life. Traditional photovoltaic charging methods lack maximum power point tracking functionality, resulting in low charging efficiency, and insufficient protection measures for batteries, which easily lead to battery overcharging, overheating and damage, making it difficult to meet the stable operation needs of photovoltaic systems.
The MPPT photovoltaic controller based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates MPPT module, INA219 voltage and current detection module, DS18B20 temperature sensor, 3 independent buttons, OLED display and sound – light alarm module, etc., realizing efficient control of photovoltaic charging and battery protection. The core functions of the system include: processing the electric energy input from the 12V solar panel through the MPPT module with maximum power point tracking to charge the lithium battery, and the lithium battery outputs to power the system; detecting the voltage, current and power of the lithium battery by means of the INA219 module, and when any of them exceeds the set maximum value, a 3 – second sound – light alarm is given, the discharge is cut off, and the discharge is automatically turned on after 1 minute, which can be turned on in advance by pressing a button; measuring the temperature with DS18B20, and when the temperature exceeds the set maximum value, triggering the sound – light alarm and cutting off the discharge; supporting the setting of each parameter threshold through 3 independent buttons; displaying the measured data in real time through the OLED display.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the efficiency of photovoltaic charging, enhances the protection of lithium batteries, provides a reliable guarantee for the stable operation of photovoltaic systems, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar photovoltaic control equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; MPPT; Photovoltaic controller; Lithium battery protection; Sensor
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 MPPT 模块选择
2.1.3 电压电流检测模块选择
2.1.4 温度传感器选择
2.1.5 按键模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 CN3791 MPPT 模块电路
3.3 INA219 电压电流检测模块电路
3.4 DS18B20 温度传感器电路
3.5 按键模块电路
3.6 OLED 显示模块电路
3.7 声光报警模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 CN3791 MPPT 模块功能测试
5.3 INA219 电压电流检测模块功能测试
5.4 DS18B20 温度传感器功能测试
5.5 按键设置功能测试
5.6 OLED 显示功能测试
5.7 声光报警模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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