设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着信息化时代的快速发展，机房作为数据存储与处理的核心场所，其安全稳定运行对保障信息系统正常工作具有重要意义。传统的人工巡检方式不仅依赖人工判断、响应滞后，还存在监测不及时、预警不准确等问题，难以满足机房全天候、高精度的安全防护需求。
基于 51 单片机（STC89C52）的机房火灾控制系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度检测模块、MQ-2 烟雾检测模块、按键、LCD1602 显示屏、声光报警装置及执行设备（水泵等），实现了机房火灾的自动化监测、预警与智能处置。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测环境温度，当温度大于设定最大值时触发声光报警；通过 MQ-2 检测环境烟雾浓度，当烟雾大于设定最大值时启动声光报警；支持通过按键设置温度和烟雾的阈值，以及手动控制水泵开关；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；当检测到温度大于最大值或烟雾大于最大值时，系统自动计时 30 秒，若 30 秒后仍超过阈值，则自动启动水泵进行灭火。
该系统的实现，有效提升了机房火灾防控的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工巡检成本，确保了火灾预警与处置的及时性和准确性，为机房安全防护提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类场所安全监测设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；机房火灾；控制系统；传感器；自动灭火；阈值设置
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the information age, computer rooms, as core locations for data storage and processing, their safe and stable operation is of great significance to ensure the normal work of information systems. The traditional manual inspection method not only relies on manual judgment with lagging responses, but also has problems such as untimely monitoring and inaccurate early warning, which is difficult to meet the 24/7 and high-precision safety protection needs of computer rooms.
The fire control system for computer rooms based on 51 single-chip microcomputer (STC89C52) integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module, MQ-2 smoke detection module, buttons, LCD1602 display, sound and light alarm device, and executive equipment (such as water pump), realizing automatic monitoring, early warning and intelligent disposal of computer room fires. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature through DHT11, triggering sound and light alarm when the temperature exceeds the set maximum value; detecting ambient smoke concentration through MQ-2, activating sound and light alarm when the smoke exceeds the set maximum value; supporting the setting of temperature and smoke thresholds through buttons, as well as manual control of the water pump switch; real-time display of various monitoring data through LCD1602 display; when the temperature exceeds the maximum value or the smoke exceeds the maximum value, the system automatically counts down for 30 seconds, and if the threshold is still exceeded after 30 seconds, it automatically starts the water pump for fire extinguishing.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of computer room fire prevention and control, reduces the cost of manual inspection, ensures the timeliness and accuracy of fire early warning and disposal, provides an efficient and reliable solution for computer room safety protection, and also provides a reference for the research and development of safety monitoring equipment in similar places, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STC89C52; computer room fire; control system; sensor; automatic fire extinguishing; threshold setting
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度检测模块选择
2.1.3 烟雾检测模块选择
2.1.4 显示模块选择
2.1.5 按键模块选择
2.1.6 报警装置选择
2.1.7 执行设备（水泵）选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度检测模块电路
3.3 烟雾检测模块电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 按键模块电路
3.6 声光报警电路
3.7 水泵控制电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 烟雾检测模块功能测试
5.4 显示与按键模块功能测试
5.5 声光报警装置功能测试
5.6 水泵控制功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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