设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着工业生产自动化程度的提升，小球分拣的效率和准确性对生产流程的顺畅性影响日益显著。传统的小球分拣多依赖人工识别和分拣，不仅效率低下，而且分拣精度易受人工经验和疲劳度影响，难以满足规模化生产的需求。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的小球自动分拣系统，整合了红外避障管、颜色传感器、DS18B20 温度传感器、显示模块、按键、声光报警器、风扇及 4 个驱动传送带的电机等，实现了小球的自动化识别与分拣。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障管检测是否有小球，若有则由颜色传感器识别小球颜色（红色、白色、黑色、蓝色）；使用 4 个电机分别驱动对应传送带，识别到相应颜色后，对应的传送带工作进行分拣；通过 DS18B20 监测电机温度，温度过高时进行声光报警，同时打开风扇并使电机停止工作；支持通过按键启停监测、设置温度最大值、启停风扇；通过显示模块显示小球颜色和系统启停状态。
该系统的实现，有效提升了小球分拣的自动化水平，提高了分拣效率和精度，减少了人工干预，同时具备电机保护功能，为规模化生产中的小球分拣提供了可靠解决方案，对同类自动化分拣设备的研发具有参考价值。
关键词：STC89C52；小球分拣；自动识别；温度监测；电机控制；自动化系统
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of industrial production automation, the efficiency and accuracy of small ball sorting have an increasingly significant impact on the smoothness of the production process. Traditional small ball sorting mostly relies on manual identification and sorting, which is not only inefficient, but also the sorting accuracy is easily affected by manual experience and fatigue, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production.
The automatic small ball sorting system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrates infrared obstacle avoidance tubes, color sensors, DS18B20 temperature sensors, display modules, buttons, sound and light alarms, fans and 4 motors driving conveyor belts, realizing automatic identification and sorting of small balls. The core functions of the system include: detecting whether there is a small ball through the infrared obstacle avoidance tube, and if there is, the color sensor identifies the color of the small ball (red, white, black, blue); using 4 motors to drive the corresponding conveyor belts respectively, and when the corresponding color is identified, the corresponding conveyor belt works for sorting; monitoring the motor temperature through DS18B20, and when the temperature is too high, an audible and visual alarm is given, and at the same time, the fan is turned on and the motor stops working; supporting the start and stop of monitoring, setting the maximum temperature, and starting and stopping the fan through buttons; displaying the color of the small ball and the start-stop state of the system through the display module.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation level of small ball sorting, enhances sorting efficiency and accuracy, reduces manual intervention, and at the same time has a motor protection function. It provides a reliable solution for small ball sorting in large-scale production and has reference value for the research and development of similar automatic sorting equipment.
Keywords:STC89C52; small ball sorting; automatic identification; temperature monitoring; motor control; automation system
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 颜色传感器选择
2.1.3 温度传感器选择
2.1.4 显示模块选择
2.1.5 按键模块选择
2.1.6 继电器模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 红外避障与颜色识别模块电路
3.3 温度监测模块电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 按键模块电路
3.6 执行设备驱动电路
3.7 声光报警模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 LCD1602显示模块子流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 颜色模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 红外避障与颜色识别功能测试
5.3 温度监测与报警功能测试
5.4 传送带分拣功能测试
5.5 按键控制功能测试
5.6 显示模块功能测试
5.7 连续运行测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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