设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘 要
本课题采用了STC89C52单片机作为核心控制器，设计了一款基于单片机的智能热水器自动温度控制器。该控制器通过内置的防水温度检测模块DS18B20实时检测当前水温，并根据预设的水温阈值（默认最小值为40℃，最大值为80℃）自动控制加热系统的工作状态。当水温低于最小值时，加热系统自动启动；当水温高于最大值时，加热系统自动停止。若水温处于设定的阈值范围之外，系统将触发声光报警，提醒用户注意。该控制器还具备水位监测功能，通过水位监测模块实时检测当前水位，并根据预设的水位阈值控制加水系统的运行。当水位低于最小值时，系统将停止加热以防止干烧，并启动加水系统；当水位高于最大值时，系统将停止加水。若水位不在设定的阈值范围内，系统将同时触发声光报警。该控制器采用高清晰度LCD1602液晶屏显示当前水温、水位以及设置的水温上下限值，方便用户直观了解热水器的工作状态。用户还可以通过按键模块轻松设置水温的上下限值，实现个性化控制。在硬件层面上，该控制器构建了单片机最小系统、温度检测电路、水位监测电路、报警电路、按键电路以及液晶显示电路等部分。在软件系统层面，本课题使用KEIL软件作为设计平台，在该平台上进行C语言代码程序的编码、编写转译并且编译成机器代码，把它烧录到STC89C52单片机芯片中得已运行，主要包括水温检测子程序、显示子程序等功能模块。通过对每一个功能子模块的控制驱动，实现各项预期功能指标。在调试运行过程中，智能热水器自动温度控制器表现出较高的稳定性和实用性，适合进行推广。这款系统的实现能够有效提高热水器的智能化水平，降低用户的操作难度，提升用户的使用体验。
关键词：智能热水器；自动温度控制；STC89C52单片机；DS18B20温度检测；
Abstract
This paper uses STC89C52 microcontroller as the core controller, and designs an intelligent water heater automatic temperature controller based on microcontroller. The controller detects the current water temperature in real time through the built-in waterproof temperature detection module DS18B20, and automatically controls the working state of the heating system according to the preset water temperature threshold (the default minimum value is 40 ℃, and the maximum value is 80 ℃). When the water temperature is lower than the minimum value, the heating system will start automatically; When the water temperature is higher than the maximum value, the heating system will automatically stop. If the water temperature is outside the set threshold range, the system will trigger an audible and visual alarm to alert the user. The controller also has the function of water level monitoring, which detects the current water level in real time through the water level monitoring module, and controls the operation of the water filling system according to the preset water level threshold. When the water level is lower than the minimum value, the system will stop heating to prevent dry burning, and start the water adding system; When the water level is higher than the maximum value, the system will stop adding water. If the water level is not within the set threshold range, the system will trigger an audible and visual alarm at the same time. The controller uses a high-definition LCD1602 LCD screen to display the current water temperature, water level and the set upper and lower limits of water temperature, which is convenient for users to intuitively understand the working state of the water heater. Users can also easily set the upper and lower limits of water temperature through the key module to achieve personalized control. At the hardware level, the controller constructs the minimum system of single chip microcomputer, temperature detection circuit, water level monitoring circuit, alarm circuit, key circuit and liquid crystal display circuit. At the software system level, this topic uses keil software as the design platform, on which the C language code program is coded, translated and compiled into machine code, which is burned into the STC89C52 MCU chip and has been run, mainly including the water temperature detection subroutine, display subroutine and other functional modules. Through the control and drive of each functional sub module, the expected functional indicators are achieved. In the process of debugging and operation, the automatic temperature controller of intelligent water heater shows high stability and practicability, which is suitable for promotion. The implementation of this system can effectively improve the intelligent level of the water heater, reduce the operation difficulty of users, and improve the user experience.
Keywords:Intelligent water heater; Automatic temperature control; STC89C52 single chip microcomputer; DS18B20 temperature detection;
目 录
1 前言
1.1 研究背景
1.2 国内外发展现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
2 方案设计及元器件选择
2.1 热水器控制系统的方案设计
2.2 STC89C52单片机简介
2.3 LCD1602液晶屏简介
2.4 防水式DS18B20传感器简介
2.5 水位传感器简介
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 最小系统电路设计
3.2 水温监测模块电路设计
3.3 水位监测电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 继电器模块电路设计
4 系统软件设计
4.1 系统主程序流程设计
4.2 水温检测模块子流程
4.3 水位检测模块子流程
4.4 ADC模数转换子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 水温测控功能测试
5.3 水位测控功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致 谢
附录一 原理图
附录二 程序
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