设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
在生产生活中，火灾事故的发生往往会造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失，而及时发现火情并采取有效措施是减少火灾危害的关键。传统的防火手段存在响应滞后、监测不精准等问题，难以满足现代环境下的消防安全需求。因此，研发一种能够实时监测火情、快速报警并自动采取初步防控措施的防火系统具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的防火系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度检测模块实时监测环境温度，当温度超过设定最大值时，触发声光报警，同时启动水泵（继电器控制），并通过 4G 模块发送 “高温警报” 短信；借助 MQ-2 烟雾检测模块检测环境烟雾浓度，当烟雾浓度超出设定最大值时，启动声光报警，打开风扇（继电器控制），并通过 4G 模块发送 “烟雾超标” 短信；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示温度、烟雾等测量数据，当温度、烟雾等参数超过最大值时，显示屏显示英文 “火灾” 提示；用户可通过按键模块设置温度和烟雾浓度的最大值阈值。
该防火系统的作用在于，为消防安全提供了一种实时监测、快速响应的智能化解决方案。通过多维度监测和及时的报警与初步防控措施，能够帮助人们尽早发现火灾隐患或初期火情，为人员疏散和火灾扑救争取时间，有效降低火灾造成的损失，保障生命和财产安全。
关键词：单片机；防火系统；温度检测；烟雾检测；声光报警
Fire prevention system based on microcontroller
Abstract
In production and daily life, the occurrence of fire accidents often causes serious casualties and property losses, and timely detection of fire situations and taking effective measures are the key to reducing fire hazards. Traditional fire prevention methods suffer from issues such as delayed response and inaccurate monitoring, making it difficult to meet the fire safety needs in modern environments. Therefore, developing a fire prevention system that can monitor fires in real time, quickly sound alarms, and automatically take initial prevention and control measures is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a fire prevention system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature through DS18B20 temperature detection module, triggering sound and light alarms when the temperature exceeds the set maximum value, starting the water pump (relay control), and sending “high temperature alarm” SMS through 4G module; Using the MQ-2 smoke detection module to detect environmental smoke concentration, when the smoke concentration exceeds the set maximum value, the sound and light alarm is activated, the fan (controlled by a relay) is turned on, and a “smoke exceeding standard” SMS is sent through the 4G module; Real time display of temperature, smoke and other measurement data through the LCD1602 display screen. When the temperature, smoke and other parameters exceed the maximum value, the display screen will show an English “fire” prompt; Users can set the maximum threshold values for temperature and smoke concentration through the button module.
The function of this fire prevention system is to provide an intelligent solution for real-time monitoring and rapid response to fire safety. Through multi-dimensional monitoring and timely alarm and preliminary prevention and control measures, it can help people detect fire hazards or initial fire situations as early as possible, buy time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting, effectively reduce the losses caused by fires, and ensure the safety of life and property.
Keywords： microcontroller; Fire prevention system; Temperature detection; Smoke detection; audible and visual alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 继电器模块电路设计
3.9 4G 模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.7 发送短信子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温度检测及联动功能测试
5.3 烟雾检测及联动功能测试
5.4 显示与按键设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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