设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
在小区安防与便捷通行需求日益提升的背景下，传统手动开门方式已无法满足居民对安全与高效通行的要求。尤其在疫情防控常态化时期，兼具人体感应、体温检测与自动开关功能的智能感应门成为提升小区管理水平的重要设施。若缺乏有效的人体感知和安全防护机制，易出现通行效率低、安全隐患大等问题，因此研发一款集感应、检测、控制于一体的小区自动感应门具有现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的小区自动感应门系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 D203S 人体热释电传感器检测是否有人靠近；借助 MLX90614 传感器检测用户体温，体温正常时通过 ULN2003A 驱动四相五线步进电机模拟开门，体温异常则触发蜂鸣器响 3 声并点亮指示灯；进门时通过 CN-TTS 语音模块播报 “欢迎回家”，出门时播报 “出门注意安全”，10 秒后自动关门；通过分离式红外对管在关门过程中检测到人时自动开门，实现防夹功能；用户可通过按键控制开关门及设置体温上下限值；LCD1602 显示模块实时显示是否有人、当前体温及门的开关状态，若检测到用户摔倒则发送 “用户可能摔倒” 提醒。
该自动感应门系统的作用在于，为小区居民提供安全、便捷的通行体验。通过自动感应、体温监测和防夹保护，既能提升通行效率，又能强化小区安全管理，同时人性化的语音播报功能增强了用户体验，具有较好的实用价值。
关键词：单片机；自动感应门；人体检测；体温监测；防夹功能
Design of Automatic Induction Doors in Residential Areas
Abstract
Against the backdrop of increasing demand for security and convenient access in residential areas, traditional manual door opening methods are no longer able to meet residents’ requirements for safe and efficient passage. Especially during the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, intelligent sensing doors that combine human body sensing, temperature detection, and automatic opening and closing functions have become important facilities for improving the management level of residential areas. If there is a lack of effective human perception and safety protection mechanisms, it is easy to encounter problems such as low traffic efficiency and significant safety hazards. Therefore, developing a community automatic induction door that integrates sensing, detection, and control has practical significance.
This design proposes an automatic induction door system for residential areas based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting whether someone is approaching through the D203S human pyroelectric sensor; Using the MLX90614 sensor to detect the user’s body temperature, when the temperature is normal, the ULN2003A drives a four phase five wire stepper motor to simulate opening the door. If the temperature is abnormal, the buzzer will sound three times and the indicator light will light up; When entering, the CN-TTS voice module broadcasts “Welcome home”, and when leaving, it broadcasts “Be safe when leaving”. After 10 seconds, the door will automatically close; By using a separate infrared sensor to automatically open the door when a person is detected during the closing process, the anti pinch function is achieved; Users can control the opening and closing of doors and set the upper and lower limits of body temperature through buttons; The LCD1602 display module displays in real-time whether there is a person, the current body temperature, and the status of the door switch. If a user falls is detected, it sends a “user may fall” reminder.
The function of this automatic sensing door system is to provide a safe and convenient travel experience for residents in the community. Through automatic sensing, temperature monitoring, and anti pinch protection, it can improve traffic efficiency and strengthen community safety management. At the same time, the humanized voice broadcast function enhances user experience and has good practical value.
Keywords： microcontroller; Electronic sphygmomanometer; Blood pressure monitoring; Heart rate monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 人体检测模块电路设计
3.4 体温检测模块电路设计
3.5 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.6 红外对管防夹模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 语音模块电路设计
3.10 显示模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 红外测温模块子流程设计
4.6 定时器子流程设计
4.7 步进电机子流程设计
4.8 语音播报模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 人体感应功能测试
5.3 体温检测功能测试
5.4 门体控制与防夹功能测试
5.5 语音播报功能测试
5.6 声光报警功能测试
5.7 显示与按键设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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