设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
森林作为重要的生态资源，其安全防护至关重要，而火灾是威胁森林安全的主要因素之一。传统的森林火灾检测方式多依赖人工巡查和瞭望塔观察，存在检测范围有限、响应滞后、受自然环境影响大等问题，难以在火灾初期及时发现并预警，易导致火势蔓延扩大。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的森林火灾检测系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、FS 风速监测模块、YS-17 火焰监测模块、MQ-2 烟雾传感器、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏、AIR780 4G 模块及执行设备（水泵、声光报警装置），实现了森林环境的实时监测与火灾自动预警及初期扑救。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 监测环境温湿度，当温度超过预设最大值时，自动启动水泵灭火并触发声光报警；借助 FS 风速监测模块获取风速数据，为火势蔓延评估提供参考；利用 YS-17 火焰监测模块检测火焰，一旦发现火焰，立即启动水泵灭火并进行声光报警；通过 MQ-2 监测烟雾浓度，当浓度超过设定最大值时，自动开启水泵且触发声光报警；支持通过 3 个独立按键设置温度和烟雾的最大值，以及手动控制水泵开关；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；利用 AIR780 4G 模块将数据传输至手机端，火灾发生时还能发送短信预警。
该系统的实现，有效提升了森林火灾检测的及时性与准确性，实现了火灾初期的自动扑救与远程预警，为森林资源保护提供了可靠保障，同时为同类森林防火设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；森林火灾检测；传感器；自动灭火；4G 传输
ABSTRACT
Forests, as important ecological resources, their safety protection is crucial, and fire is one of the main factors threatening forest safety. Traditional forest fire detection methods mostly rely on manual patrols and observation from watchtowers, which have problems such as limited detection range, delayed response, and great influence by natural environment. It is difficult to detect and warn in time at the initial stage of fire, which easily leads to the spread and expansion of the fire.
The forest fire detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, FS wind speed monitoring module, YS-17 flame monitoring module, MQ-2 smoke sensor, 3 independent buttons, OLED display, AIR780 4G module and executive devices (water pump, acousto-optic alarm device), realizing real-time monitoring of forest environment and automatic fire early warning and initial fire fighting. The core functions of the system include: monitoring environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11, when the temperature exceeds the preset maximum value, automatically turning on the water pump to extinguish the fire and triggering acousto-optic alarm; obtaining wind speed data with the help of FS wind speed monitoring module to provide reference for fire spread assessment; using YS-17 flame monitoring module to detect flames, and once a flame is found, immediately starting the water pump to extinguish the fire and giving an acousto-optic alarm; monitoring smoke concentration through MQ-2, when the concentration exceeds the set maximum value, automatically turning on the water pump and triggering acousto-optic alarm; supporting the setting of maximum temperature and smoke values through 3 independent buttons, and controlling the water pump switch; displaying measurement data through OLED display; transmitting monitored data to the mobile phone through AIR780 4G module, and sending short messages when a fire occurs.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the timeliness and accuracy of forest fire detection, realizes automatic fire fighting and remote early warning in the initial stage of fire, provides a reliable guarantee for forest resource protection, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar forest fire prevention equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Forest fire detection; Sensor; Automatic fire extinguishing; 4G transmission
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 风速监测模块选择
2.1.4 火焰监测模块选择
2.1.5 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.6 按键模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 4G 通信模块选择
2.1.9 执行设备选择
2.1.10 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 DHT11 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 FS 风速监测模块电路
3.4 YS-17 火焰监测模块电路
3.5 MQ-2 烟雾传感器电路
3.6 OLED 显示模块电路
3.7 AIR780 4G 模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 4G模块联网子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 DHT11 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 FS 风速监测模块功能测试
5.4 YS-17 火焰监测模块与 MQ-2 烟雾传感器功能测试
5.5 AIR780 4G 模块功能测试
5.6 执行设备（水泵）与声光报警模块功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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