设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘 要
随着物联网技术的飞速发展，其在公共交通领域的应用日益广泛，尤其是在校车安全管理方面，物联网技术为保障学生安全提供了新的解决方案。
本文设计并实现了一种基于物联网技术的校车监控系统，旨在通过多种传感器和通信模块，实现对校车运行状态的实时监测与管理。系统具备多项功能，包括通过红外对管监测车内人数并进行超载提醒；利用指纹识别技术确认司机身份，防止非授权人员启动车辆；通过红外测速管监测车速并进行超速提醒；借助GPS获取车辆位置信息；利用MQ-135传感器监测车内空气质量并自动通风；通过OLED显示屏实时显示各项测量值；支持按键设置功能，方便用户调整系统参数；配备摄像头实现远程监控车内情况；并通过WIFI模块将数据发送至手机端，方便管理人员实时查看并调整各阈值。
该系统能够有效提升校车的安全性和管理效率，为学生提供更加安全、舒适的乘车环境，同时为校车运营管理者提供便捷的监控手段，具有重要的实际应用价值和广泛的应用前景。
关键词：校车监控系统；传感器；摄像头；WIFI
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things technology, its application in the field of public transportation is increasingly extensive, especially in the school bus safety management, the Internet of Things technology provides a new solution to ensure the safety of students.
This paper designs and realizes a school bus monitoring system based on the Internet of Things technology, aiming to realize the real-time monitoring and management of the school bus running state through a variety of sensors and communication modules. The system has multiple functions, Including through the infrared tube to monitor the number of people in the car and overload reminder; Using fingerprint identification technology to identify the driver, Prevent unauthorized personnel from starting the vehicle; Monitor the speed through the infrared speed measuring tube and remind the overspeed limit; Obtain the vehicle location information with the help of GPS; Use the MQ-135 sensor to monitor the air quality in the car and provide automatic ventilation; Display the measurement value in real time through the OLED display screen; Support the key-setting function, Convenient for users to adjust the system parameters; Equipped with cameras to achieve remote monitoring of the situation in the car; And send the data to the mobile phone via the WIFI module, It is convenient for managers to view and adjust each threshold in real time.
The system can effectively improve the safety and management efficiency of the school bus, to provide students with a safer and more comfortable riding environment, at the same time for the school bus operation managers to provide convenient monitoring means, has an important practical application value and wide application prospects.
Key words：School bus monitoring system; sensor; camera; WIFI
目 录
第1章 绪论
1.1课题研究背景及意义
1.1.1课题研究背景
1.1.2 课题研究意义
1.2 课题国内外研究现状
1.3课题研究来源及内容
1.3.1 课题研究来源
1.3.2 课题研究内容
2 系统设计
2.1 系统架构
2.2 功能模块选型
2.2.1. STM32F103C8T6主芯片模块
2.2.2. JS一体式红外对射计数管
2.2.3. CS红外测速模块
2.2.4. MQ-135有害气体检测模块
2.2.5. MX1508直流电机模块
2.2.6. AS608指纹模块
2.2.7. TTS语音模块
2.2.8. GPS定位模块
2.2.9. SXT摄像头模块
2.2.10. ESP8266无线通信WIFI模块
2.2.11. OLED显示模块
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 单片机最小系统
3.1.1 STM32单片机简介
3.1.2 STM32单片机最小系统
3.2 红外对射计数管模块
3.3 红外测速模块
3.4 MQ-135有害气体检测模块
3.5 MX1508直流电机模块
3.6 AS608指纹模块
3.7 TTS语音模块
3.8 GPS定位模块
3.9 SXT摄像头模块
3.10 ESP8266无线通信WIFI模块
3.11 OLED显示模块
4 系统软件设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 GPS模块子流程设计
4.6 指纹模块子流程设计
4.7 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物测试
5.1 测试准备
5.2 测试步骤
5.2.1. 红外对管人数监测功能测试
5.2.2. 指纹识别功能测试
5.2.3. 红外测速管功能测试
5.2.4. GPS定位功能测试
5.2.5. MQ-135空气质量监测功能测试
5.2.6. OLED显示功能测试
5.2.7. 按键设置功能测试
5.2.8. 摄像头远程监控功能测试
5.2.9. WIFI数据传输功能测试
6 总结与展望
参考文献
致谢
附录1：原理图
附录2：PCB板
附录3：程序
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