设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快，电梯已成为高层建筑中不可或缺的垂直运输工具，其安全运行直接关系到人们的生命财产安全。近年来，电梯故障引发的安全事故时有发生，因此，研发一种能实时监测电梯运行状态、及时预警故障的系统具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网电梯故障监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 3 个楼层键和两个开关门键实现电梯内部控制，另外 3 个按键实现电梯外部控制；借助一个四相步进电机模拟电梯开关门（正反半圈），另一个四相步进电机模拟电梯升降（每转一圈代表一层）；通过 hx711 采集电梯内重量，开门时若超载，蜂鸣器报警且不关门，直至不超载；利用分离式红外对管模拟防夹功能，关门时触发则自动开门；通过温度检测模块检测电梯当前温度；依靠速度传感器检测电梯当前速度；用两个 LED 灯指示电梯上下行状态；通过 OLED 显示电梯所处楼层；同时，系统通过 WiFi 将检测数据传输到手机端，当电梯速度过快时发送提示信息。
该电梯故障监测系统的作用在于，为电梯的安全运行提供了全方位、实时的监测与保障。通过及时检测各类运行参数、预警故障并传输信息，能够帮助维护人员快速响应，降低事故发生概率，保障乘梯人员的安全，提高电梯运行的可靠性与安全性。
关键词：物联网；电梯故障监测；STM32F103C8T6；实时监测
Elevator Fault Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, elevators have become an indispensable vertical transportation tool in high-rise buildings, and their safe operation is directly related to people’s life and property safety. In recent years, safety accidents caused by elevator failures have occurred frequently. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a system that can monitor the operation status of elevators in real time and warn of faults in a timely manner.
This design proposes an IoT elevator fault monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: internal control of the elevator through three floor keys and two door switch keys, and external control of the elevator through the other three keys; Using a four phase stepper motor to simulate elevator door opening and closing (half circle forward and reverse), and another four phase stepper motor to simulate elevator lifting (each circle represents one floor); Collect the weight inside the elevator through HX711. If the elevator is overloaded when opening the door, the buzzer will sound an alarm and the door will not be closed until it is no longer overloaded; Using separated infrared to simulate anti pinch function of the tube, triggering the door to automatically open when closed; Detect the current temperature of the elevator through the temperature detection module; Relying on speed sensors to detect the current speed of the elevator; Use two LED lights to indicate the up and down status of the elevator; Display the floor where the elevator is located through OLED; At the same time, the system transmits the detection data to the mobile phone through WiFi and sends a prompt message when the elevator speed is too fast.
The function of the elevator fault monitoring system is to provide comprehensive and real-time monitoring and guarantee for the safe operation of the elevator. By timely detecting various operating parameters, warning of faults, and transmitting information, it can help maintenance personnel respond quickly, reduce the probability of accidents, ensure the safety of elevator passengers, and improve the reliability and safety of elevator operation.
Keywords： Internet of Things; Elevator fault monitoring; STM32F103C8T6； Real-time Monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 按键模块电路设计
3.4 步进电机模块电路设计
3.5 重量采集模块电路设计
3.6 防夹检测模块电路设计
3.7 温度检测模块电路设计
3.8 速度传感器电路设计
3.9 状态指示模块电路设计
3.10 显示模块电路设计
3.11 WiFi 模块电路设计
3.12 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程
4.7 称重模块子流程设计
4.8 速度检测子流程设计
4.9 步进电机子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 控制功能测试
5.3 步进电机动作测试
5.4 重量检测与报警功能测试
5.5 防夹功能测试
5.6 温度与速度检测功能测试
5.7 状态指示与显示功能测试
5.8 WiFi 数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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