设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着现代物流与仓储行业的快速发展，仓库环境的安全性与稳定性对货物存储质量、财产安全具有重要意义。传统仓库管理多依赖人工巡检，存在环境异常响应滞后、安全隐患难以及时发现、人工成本高等问题，难以满足智能化仓储的需求。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能仓库环境监测系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ-2 烟雾传感器、D203S 红外检测模块、LCD1602 显示屏、按键模块、声光报警装置、双风扇（散热与排烟）及 ECB02 蓝牙模块，实现了仓库环境的自动化监测与智能控制。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测环境温湿度，温度或湿度超过预设最大值时触发声光报警，同时启动风扇 1 进行散热；通过 MQ-2 检测烟雾浓度，浓度超标时触发声光报警并启动风扇 2 排烟；通过 D203S 红外模块检测人员入侵，布防状态下检测到人时立即报警；支持通过按键设置温湿度最大值、烟雾浓度阈值及切换布防 / 撤防模式；通过 LCD1602 实时显示温湿度、烟雾浓度及设备状态；借助蓝牙模块将监测数据上传至手机端，支持远程设置参数与控制风扇启停。
该系统的实现，有效提升了仓库环境监测的实时性与自动化水平，减少了人工干预，及时预警温湿度异常、火灾隐患及非法入侵，为货物存储安全提供了可靠保障，同时为中小型仓库的智能化改造提供了经济实用的解决方案，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；智能仓库；环境监测；传感器；远程控制；安全预警
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of modern logistics and warehousing industries, the safety and stability of warehouse environments are of great significance to the quality of stored goods and property security. Traditional warehouse management mostly relies on manual inspections, which have problems such as delayed response to environmental abnormalities, difficulty in timely detection of potential safety hazards, and high labor costs, making it difficult to meet the needs of intelligent warehousing.
The intelligent warehouse environment monitoring system based on the STC89C52 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, MQ-2 smoke sensor, D203S infrared detection module, LCD1602 display, key module, sound and light alarm device, dual fans (for heat dissipation and smoke exhaust), and ECB02 Bluetooth module, realizing automatic monitoring and intelligent control of the warehouse environment. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11; triggering sound and light alarms when temperature or humidity exceeds the preset maximum value, and activating fan 1 for heat dissipation at the same time; detecting smoke concentration through MQ-2; triggering sound and light alarms when the concentration exceeds the standard and starting fan 2 for smoke exhaust; detecting human intrusion through D203S infrared module, and immediately alarming when a person is detected in the armed state; supporting the setting of maximum temperature, maximum smoke value, arming, and disarming through keys; displaying measured values through LCD1602; uploading data to the mobile phone terminal through ECB02 Bluetooth module, and supporting parameter setting and fan control.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the real-time and automation level of warehouse environment monitoring, reduces manual intervention, timely warns of abnormal temperature and humidity, fire hazards, and illegal intrusion, provides reliable protection for the safety of stored goods, and at the same time offers an economical and practical solution for the intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized warehouses, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STC89C52; Intelligent Warehouse; Environmental Monitoring; Sensor; Remote Control; Safety Early Warning
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.4 红外入侵检测模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 声光报警模块选择
2.1.9 风扇驱动模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度传感器（DHT11）电路
3.3 烟雾传感器（MQ-2）与 ADC 转换电路
3.4 红外入侵检测模块（D203S）电路
3.5 按键模块电路
3.6 显示模块（LCD1602）电路
3.7 蓝牙模块（ECB02）电路
3.8 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 LCD1602显示模块子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度传感器（DHT11）功能测试
5.3 烟雾传感器（MQ-2）功能测试
5.4 红外入侵检测模块（D203S）功能测试
5.5 按键模块功能测试
5.6 显示模块（LCD1602）功能测试
5.7 蓝牙模块（ECB02）功能测试
5.8 执行设备与报警功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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