设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着高校后勤管理智能化进程的加快，学生宿舍环境的安全监测与便捷管理对提升居住舒适度、保障学生安全具有重要意义。传统的宿舍管理方式依赖人工巡查、钥匙开锁，存在环境异常响应滞后、安全隐患排查不及时、出入管理效率低等问题，难以满足现代化宿舍管理的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网学生宿舍环境监测系统（项目编号：mcuclub-dz-858），整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ-2 烟雾传感器、MQ-135 空气质量传感器、RFID 刷卡模块、AS608 指纹模块、康帕斯 A9 摄像头模块、按键、OLED 显示屏及 ESP8266 WIFI 模块，实现了宿舍环境的实时监测、智能响应与远程管理。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 监测温湿度，温度超过最大值时自动开启风扇并触发声光报警；借助 MQ-2 检测烟雾浓度，超标时启动水泵灭火并报警；利用 MQ-135 监测空气质量，超标时启动通风装置并报警；通过 RFID 或指纹模块实现智能开锁，连续三次验证错误时触发声光报警；康帕斯 A9 摄像头支持远程实时查看宿舍状态及历史数据；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值；OLED 显示屏实时显示环境数据与设备状态；WIFI 模块将数据同步至手机端，实现远程监测与控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了学生宿舍的智能化管理水平，实现了环境异常的快速响应、出入管理的便捷安全及远程监控的实时性，为高校宿舍管理提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类物联网环境监测系统的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；学生宿舍；环境监测；物联网；智能开锁；远程监控
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of the intelligentization of university logistics management, the safety monitoring and convenient management of the student dormitory environment are of great significance for improving living comfort and ensuring student safety. The traditional dormitory management method relies on manual inspections and key unlocking, which has problems such as delayed response to environmental abnormalities, untimely investigation of potential safety hazards, and low efficiency in access management, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern dormitory management.
The IoT-based student dormitory environment monitoring system (Project No.: mcuclub-dz-858) based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, MQ-2 smoke sensors, MQ-135 air quality sensors, RFID card swiping modules, AS608 fingerprint modules, Compas A9 camera modules, buttons, OLED displays, and ESP8266 WIFI modules, realizing real-time monitoring, intelligent response, and remote management of the dormitory environment. The core functions of the system include: monitoring temperature and humidity through DHT11, automatically turning on the fan and triggering an audible and visual alarm when the temperature exceeds the maximum value; detecting smoke concentration with MQ-2, starting the water pump for fire extinguishing and alarming when the concentration exceeds the standard; monitoring air quality using MQ-135, starting the ventilation device and alarming when the air quality exceeds the standard; realizing intelligent unlocking through RFID or fingerprint modules, triggering an audible and visual alarm when there are three consecutive verification errors; the Compas A9 camera supports remote real-time viewing of the dormitory status and historical data; allowing setting of various parameter thresholds through buttons; the OLED display shows real-time environmental data and device status; the WIFI module synchronizes data to the mobile phone terminal to realize remote monitoring and control.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the intelligent management level of student dormitories, achieved rapid response to environmental abnormalities, convenient and safe access management, and real-time remote monitoring. It provides an efficient and reliable solution for university dormitory management and also offers a reference for the research and development of similar IoT environmental monitoring systems, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Student Dormitory; Environmental Monitoring; IoT; Intelligent Unlocking; Remote Monitoring
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.4 空气质量传感器选择
2.1.5 RFID 模块选择
2.1.6 指纹模块选择
2.1.7 摄像头模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.1.9 显示模块选择
2.1.10 WiFi 模块选择
2.1.11 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 烟雾传感器电路
3.4 空气质量传感器电路
3.5 RFID 模块电路
3.6 指纹模块电路
3.7 摄像头模块电路
3.8 显示模块电路
3.9 按键模块电路
3.10 WIFI 模块电路
3.11 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
第五章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 烟雾传感器功能测试
5.4 空气质量传感器功能测试
5.5 RFID 与指纹模块功能测试
5.5.1 RFID 模块测试
5.5.2 指纹模块测试
5.6 摄像头模块功能测试
5.7 WIFI 模块功能测试
5.8 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.9 执行设备与报警功能测试
5.10 系统连续运行测试
第6章 总结与展望
一、总结
二、展望
（一）技术优化方向
（二）功能拓展空间
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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