设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着交通运输行业的发展和校园安全意识的提升，校车作为学生日常出行的重要载体，其运行安全与车内环境质量备受关注。传统的校车管理方式多依赖人工监督，存在实时性差、参数调控不精准等问题，难以满足现代化校车安全管理的智能化需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的校车安全监控系统（项目编号：mcuclub-dz-862），整合了 GPS + 北斗定位模块、霍尔传感器 KY-003、DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ-135 有害气体检测模块、独立按键、OLED 显示屏、蜂鸣器报警装置及 WIFI 模块 ESP8266，实现了对校车的全方位安全监控与智能管理。系统核心功能包括：通过 GPS + 北斗模块获取车辆实时经纬度信息，实现定位追踪；借助霍尔传感器 KY-003 测量车辆行驶速度，支持按键调速，当速度超过设定最大值时，触发蜂鸣器报警提醒；通过 DHT11 传感器监测车内温湿度，温度高于设定值时自动开启制冷，低于设定值时启动加热，湿度超标则开启通风；利用 MQ-135 模块检测车内有害气体浓度，超过设定阈值时，蜂鸣器报警并同步开启通风；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值，并可直接控制相关器件；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项测量数据及设置信息；通过 WIFI 模块 ESP8266 将数据传输至手机端，实现远程查看、阈值设置及器件控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了校车安全管理的自动化与智能化水平，既能实时监控车辆运行状态与车内环境，又能通过本地及远程控制保障学生出行安全，为同类交通工具的安全监控设备研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；校车安全；监控系统；定位追踪；环境监测
ABSTRACT
With the development of the transportation industry and the improvement of campus safety awareness, school buses, as an important carrier for students’ daily travel, have attracted much attention regarding their operational safety and in-vehicle environmental quality. The traditional school bus management method relies heavily on manual supervision, which has problems such as poor real-time performance and inaccurate parameter regulation, making it difficult to meet the intelligent needs of modern school bus safety management.
The school bus safety monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller (Project No.: mcuclub-dz-862) integrates GPS + Beidou positioning module, Hall sensor KY-003, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, MQ-135 harmful gas detection module, independent buttons, OLED display, buzzer alarm device and WIFI module ESP8266, realizing comprehensive safety monitoring and intelligent management of school buses. The core functions of the system include: obtaining real-time latitude and longitude information of the vehicle through the GPS + Beidou module to achieve positioning and tracking; measuring the driving speed of the vehicle with the help of the Hall sensor KY-003, supporting speed adjustment via buttons, and triggering the buzzer alarm when the speed exceeds the set maximum value; monitoring the in-vehicle temperature and humidity through the DHT11 sensor, automatically turning on refrigeration when the temperature is higher than the set value, starting heating when it is lower than the set value, and turning on ventilation when the humidity exceeds the standard; using the MQ-135 module to detect the concentration of harmful gases in the vehicle, and when it exceeds the set threshold, the buzzer alarms and ventilation is turned on simultaneously; supporting the setting of various parameter thresholds through buttons and direct control of related devices; displaying various measurement data and setting information in real-time through the OLED display; transmitting data to the mobile phone terminal through the WIFI module ESP8266 to realize remote viewing, threshold setting and device control.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of school bus safety management. It can not only monitor the vehicle’s operating status and in-vehicle environment in real-time but also ensure students’ travel safety through local and remote control. It provides a reference for the research and development of safety monitoring equipment for similar means of transportation and has high practical application valu.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; school bus safety; monitoring system; positioning and tracking; environmental monitoring
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 定位模块选择
2.1.3 速度检测模块选择
2.1.4 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.5 有害气体检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 无线通信模块选择
2.1.8 报警模块选择
2.1.9 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 定位模块电路
3.3 速度检测模块电路
3.4 温湿度传感器电路
3.5 有害气体检测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 无线通信模块电路
3.8 报警模块电路
3.9 按键模块电路
3.10 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.7 GPS模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 定位模块功能测试
5.3 速度检测模块功能测试
5.4 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.5 有害气体检测模块功能测试
5.6 无线通信模块功能测试
5.7 按键与显示功能测试
5.8 执行设备功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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