设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
传统猫砂盆管理依赖人工清理、检查余量及判断清洁状态，不仅存在清理不及时、卫生条件差等问题，还需人工频繁干预，难以满足宠物饲养的便捷化、智能化需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能猫砂盆控制系统，整合了分离式红外对射管、HX711 称重模块、YS 液体湿度检测模块、MQ-135 气体传感器、按键、OLED 显示屏、ESP8266 WIFI 模块及执行设备（清理电机、声光报警器、杀菌灯等），实现了猫砂盆的自动化监测与智能管理。系统核心功能包括：通过分离式红外对射管检测猫的进出状态，当猫离开后计时 10 秒，自动启动电机清理猫砂；通过 HX711 称重模块实时监测猫砂余量，低于设定最小值时触发声光报警，提醒主人添加猫砂；借助 YS 液体湿度检测模块检测猫砂湿度，当湿度超过设定最大值时，通过声光报警提示更换猫砂；利用 MQ-135 传感器检测有害气体浓度，超过阈值时启动声光报警，并联动杀菌灯进行杀菌处理；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值，以及手动控制清理、杀菌功能；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示猫砂余量、湿度、气体浓度及设备运行状态；通过 ESP8266 WIFI 模块将数据同步至手机端，实现远程监测，同时支持手机端设置参数阈值及远程控制清理、杀菌操作。
该系统的实现，有效提升了猫砂盆管理的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工操作，保障了猫砂盆环境的清洁与卫生，为宠物饲养提供了高效、便捷的解决方案，同时为同类宠物智能设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能猫砂盆；控制系统；传感器；自动清理；WIFI 通信
ABSTRACT
Traditional cat litter box management relies on manual cleaning, checking of remaining litter, and judging of cleanliness. This not only leads to problems such as delayed cleaning and poor hygiene but also requires frequent manual intervention, making it difficult to meet the needs for convenient and intelligent pet care.
The intelligent cat litter box control system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates a pair of separate infrared through-beam tubes, an HX711 weighing module, a YS liquid humidity detection module, an MQ-135 gas sensor, buttons, an OLED display, an ESP8266 WIFI module, and executive devices (such as a cleaning motor, sound and light alarm, and sterilization lamp), realizing automatic monitoring and intelligent management of the cat litter box. The core functions of the system include: detecting the cat’s entry and exit through the infrared through-beam tubes, and automatically starting the motor to clean the litter 10 seconds after the cat leaves; real-time monitoring of the remaining litter amount via the HX711 weighing module, triggering a sound and light alarm to remind the owner to add litter when the amount is below the set minimum; detecting the litter humidity with the YS liquid humidity detection module, and prompting the owner to replace the litter through a sound and light alarm when the humidity exceeds the set maximum; using the MQ-135 sensor to detect harmful gas concentration, and activating the sound and light alarm while linking the sterilization lamp for sterilization when the concentration exceeds the threshold; supporting the setting of various parameter thresholds via buttons, as well as manual control of cleaning, sterilization, and mode switching; displaying real-time monitoring data (such as remaining litter, humidity, gas concentration) and device status through the OLED display; synchronizing data to the mobile phone via the ESP8266 WIFI module to realize remote monitoring and device control (including ventilation, heating, cooling, irrigation, light supplement, and mode switching).
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of cat litter box management, reduces manual operations, ensures the cleanliness and hygiene of the cat litter box environment, provides an efficient and convenient solution for pet care, and offers a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent pet devices, thus having high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; intelligent cat litter box; control system; sensor; automatic cleaning; WIFI communication
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 进出检测模块选择
2.1.3 称重模块选择
2.1.4 湿度检测模块选择
2.1.5 气体检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 通信模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.1.9 清理电机选择
2.1.10 报警装置选择
2.1.11杀菌装置选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 红外对射检测模块电路
3.3 称重模块电路
3.4 湿度检测模块电路
3.5 气体检测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 WIFI 通信模块电路
3.9 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 称重模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 红外对射检测与自动清理功能测试
5.3 称重模块与低余量报警功能测试
5.4 湿度模块与高湿度报警功能测试
5.5 气体传感器与杀菌功能测试
5.6 WIFI 通信与远程控制功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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