设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着人们对生活环境质量和安全意识的提升，传统烟灰缸在使用便捷性、环境防护及安全保障方面的局限性日益凸显。传统烟灰缸需手动开盖，易导致烟灰散落和异味扩散，且无法实时监测内部余量、烟雾浓度等信息，存在火灾隐患和环境污染风险，难以满足现代生活对智能化、安全化用品的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能烟灰缸，整合了红外避障传感器、HC-SR04 超声波模块、MQ-2 烟雾检测模块、DS18B20 温度传感器、MQ-135 空气质量传感器、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏、声光报警装置、舵机、风扇、灭火水泵及 AIR780 蓝牙模块，实现了烟灰缸的智能化管理与安全防护。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障传感器检测人手或烟头靠近，自动控制舵机打开烟灰缸盖子；借助 HC-SR04 超声波模块检测烟灰缸余量，余量低于最小值时触发声光报警；利用 MQ-2 模块监测烟雾浓度，超过最大值时自动启动风扇排烟；通过 DS18B20 检测温度，温度高于最大值时启动灭火水泵；通过 MQ-135 检测空气质量，超标时进行声光报警；支持通过独立按键设置参数阈值，控制烟灰缸开关、风扇及灭火设备；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项检测数据；利用 ECB02蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，实现远程设置阈值及控制设备运行。
该系统的实现，有效提升了烟灰缸的使用便捷性、环境安全性和智能化水平，减少了人工操作带来的不便和安全隐患，为营造健康、安全的生活环境提供了有力保障，同时为同类智能生活用品的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能烟灰缸；多传感器；安全防护；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of people’s awareness of living environment quality and safety, the limitations of traditional ashtrays in terms of usability, environmental protection, and safety guarantee have become increasingly prominent. Traditional ashtrays require manual opening of the lid, which easily leads to ash scattering and odor diffusion, and cannot real-time monitor internal，smoke concentration and other information, posing fire hazards and environmental pollution risks, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern life for intelligent and safe products.
The intelligent ashtray based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates infrared obstacle avoidance sensors, HC-SR04 ultrasonic modules, MQ-2 smoke detection modules, DS18B20 temperature sensors, MQ-135 air quality sensors, 3 independent buttons, OLED displays, sound and light alarm devices, servos, fans, fire-fighting water pumps, and AIR780 Bluetooth modules, realizing intelligent management and safety protection of the ashtray. The core functions of the system include: detecting the approach of human hands or cigarette butts through infrared obstacle avoidance sensors, automatically controlling the servo to open the ashtray lid; using HC-SR04 ultrasonic modules to detect the remaining amount of the ashtray, triggering sound and light alarms when the remaining amount is below the minimum value; monitoring smoke concentration with MQ-2 modules, automatically starting fans to exhaust smoke when exceeding the maximum value; detecting temperature through DS18B20, starting fire-fighting water pumps when the temperature is higher than the maximum value; detecting air quality through MQ-135, and giving sound and light alarms when exceeding the standard; supporting parameter threshold setting through independent buttons to control the ashtray switch, fans and fire-fighting equipment; real-time display of various detection data through OLED displays; transmitting data to the mobile phone through AIR780 Bluetooth modules to realize remote threshold setting and equipment operation control.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the usability, environmental safety and intelligence level of the ashtray, reduces the inconvenience and safety hazards caused by manual operation, provides a strong guarantee for creating a healthy and safe living environment, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent daily necessities, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent ashtray; Multi-sensor; Safety protection; Bluetooth communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 红外避障传感器选择
2.1.3 超声波模块选择
2.1.4 烟雾检测模块选择
2.1.5 温度传感器选择
2.1.6 空气质量传感器选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 显示模块选择
2.1.9 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.10 舵机选择
2.1.11 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 红外避障传感器电路
3.3 超声波模块电路
3.4 烟雾检测模块电路
3.5 温度传感器电路
3.6 空气质量传感器电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 蓝牙模块电路
3.9 按键模块电路
3.10 执行设备驱动电路
3.11 声光报警模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程
4.6 温度检测模块子流程
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.8 超声波检测模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 红外避障与舵机联动测试
5.3 超声波余量检测测试
5.4 烟雾检测与风扇联动测试
5.5 温度检测与灭火水泵联动测试
5.6 空气质量检测测试
5.7 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.8 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.9 声光报警模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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